Objectives: This study aimed to explore the demographic and clinical features of tinnitus individuals and analyse its correlation with associated comorbidities. Methods: The study population comprised 147 participants (66 men, 81 women; median age: 52 years) who experienced persistent tinnitus. Comprehensive assessments were carried out, including audiological examinations, scoring using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, and thorough medical evaluations. Statistical analyses were applied to explore the correspondences between tinnitus, hearing loss, and various comorbidities, including cardiovascular conditions, metabolic disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, autoimmune diseases, pulmonary diseases, and allergic rhinitis. Results: The analysis indicated a slight predominance of females, comprising 55.1% of the participants, with a median onset of tinnitus around the age of 50. Chronic tinnitus was noted, lasting approximately 46 months. Hearing loss was noted in 52.4% of patients, with bilateral tinnitus being the most prevalent type, affecting 44.2% of individuals. Dyslipidaemia was found to significantly predict bilateral tinnitus (p = 0.003*) and left-sided tinnitus (p = 0.023*). Additionally, atherosclerosis was associated with hearing impairment (p = 0.006*) and right-sided tinnitus (p = 0.044*). Dyslipidaemia was also significantly correlated with elevated intensity values (p = 0.04*). Furthermore, atherosclerosis was significantly associated with higher levels of hearing loss (p < 0.00001*). Conclusions: The study emphasises the complex nature of tinnitus and its links to cardiovascular, metabolic, and other comorbidities, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive, interdisciplinary management.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyse blood glucose and lipid levels in subjective tinnitus compared to healthy controls. Method: A total of 414 patients with subjective tinnitus and 274 healthy participants were enrolled. All participants underwent comprehensive laboratory testing, which included measurements of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and blood lipids. Results: The tinnitus group had significantly higher glucose levels than the control group (p = 0.024). Additionally, the HbA1c levels were higher in the tinnitus group (p = 0.006). Tinnitus patients exhibited elevated levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.001), and LDL (p < 0.001). However, HDL levels showed no significant difference (p = 0.984). Although the triglyceride–glucose index tends to show higher values in the tinnitus group, this difference is statistically insignificant (p = 0.688). ROC indicated that LDL had the highest sensitivity for predicting tinnitus (AUC = 0.620; p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.573–0.668). Other parameters showed significant results, excluding the triglyceride–glucose index (AUC = 0.514; p = 0.688, 95% CI: 0.443–0.585), which was not a significant predictor. Glucose levels significantly correlate with age (rho = 0.338, p < 0.001) and tinnitus onset (rho = 0.107, p = 0.034). Additionally, age showed a significant correlation with total cholesterol levels (rho = 0.156, p = 0.002) and triglycerides (rho = 0.121, p = 0.020) and tinnitus onset (rho = 0.344, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of tinnitus was significantly associated with elevated HbA1c levels (p = 0.007) and TG levels (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the occurrence of chronic tinnitus was significantly influenced by elevated glucose levels (p = 0.026). Conclusions: The results showed increased glucose and blood lipid levels in tinnitus. LDL levels exhibited the highest sensitivity in predicting tinnitus. However, the TyG index was not a significant predictor. Given the cross-sectional design of the study, which may limit the results, further longitudinal studies are necessary.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between tinnitus pitch and loudness, the frequency of hearing loss, hearing level, and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores reported by patients. Methods: In total, 139 patients (50 men and 89 women; mean age ± SD, 60.19 ± 11.47 years) who suffered from chronic primary tinnitus associated with sensorineural hearing loss were included in the study. Participants underwent pure-tone audiometry and tinnitus pitch matching assessments. Additionally, all participants completed the Hungarian version of the THI questionnaire. Correlations were assessed using simple linear, Spearman’s, and Pearson’s correlation tests, and a linear regression model was applied. The Mann–Whitney U test was also used. Results: This study identified a significant correlation between the pitch of tinnitus and the frequency of hearing loss (p = 0.000 *; rho = 0.549). There was also a significant correlation between tinnitus noise and hearing levels (p = 0.000 *; rho = 0.375). Age was shown to significantly affect tinnitus loudness (p = 0.016 *) and hearing levels (p = 0.000 *) as determined by a linear regression model. Tinnitus duration only significantly influenced tinnitus loudness (p = 0.022). There was no significant effect of sex on tinnitus or audiometry parameters. Total THI scores were influenced solely by tinnitus loudness (p = 0.021 *). Furthermore, sex did have an effect on total THI scores, with women reporting higher scores (p = 0.000 *). Conclusions: This study concluded that there is a significant correlation between the pitch and loudness of tinnitus and hearing levels, suggesting a connection in their underlying mechanisms. The intensity of tinnitus and hearing level are primarily affected by ageing processes. Furthermore, the severity of self-perceived tinnitus is mainly related to the loudness of tinnitus.

Background: After a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, smell disorders frequently occur, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life (QoL). Methods: 110 patients with persistent olfactory disorder after coronavirus infection were enrolled. These patients underwent chemosensory testing using the Sniffin’ Sticks test, and completed the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD). Results: 30% of the patients reported anosmia, and 70% reported hyposmia. Upon comparing subjective and chemosensory testing categories, good category matching was observed in 75.3% (i.e., anosmia based on both methods in 10 and hyposmia in 48 cases). Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test revealed a significant result (p = 0.001 *). Between the TDI (i.e., Threshold, Discrimination, Identification) results of the three subjective report groups (i.e., hyposmia, anosmia, and parosmia), no significant differences were observed. When the TDI and QOD results were compared, no consistent significant correlations were found in most TDI and QOD outcomes. Between the TDI and Scale 2 results, a significant, although slight correlation was observed by the Spearman’s (rho = 0.213, p = 0.027 *) and Pearson’s (rho = 0.201, p = 0.037 *) tests. Conclusions: The nonsignificant correlation between objective and subjective methods suggests that these results should be interpreted independently. Moreover, adequate management is essential even in mild cases.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the potential influence of abnormalities detected through carotid–vertebral ultrasonography and brain MRI on pure-tone averages (PTAs) and the frequency and intensity of tinnitus. Methods: 423 participants with subjective tinnitus were enrolled in this investigation. All patients underwent carotid– vertebral ultrasonography, brain MRI, and pure-tone audiometry, including tinnitus matching. Results: The median values for tinnitus onset indicated chronic tinnitus in most cases. Regarding tinnitus location, left-sided symptoms (32%) and bilateral symptoms (44%) were the most prevalent. In analysing the effects of abnormalities detected by carotid–vertebral ultrasonography on PTAs, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p = 0.0037). Specifically, individuals with intimal hyperplasia had significantly higher PTAs (p = 0.02), as did those with carotid artery plaques (p = 0.005). However, no significant differences in PTAs were noted in relation to carotid artery stenosis (p = 0.07). Similar trends emerged regarding tinnitus intensity (p = 0.013), with significantly higher values observed in the presence of any carotid–vertebral ultrasonography abnormalities. In contrast, tinnitus frequencies were not significantly affected (p = 0.401). Regarding brain MRI findings, Fazekas scores of 2 (p = 0.02) and 3 (p = 0.0052) significantly influenced PTAs. For tinnitus intensity, Fazekas scores of 2 (p = 0.0027) and 3 (p = 0.0005), and the presence of acoustic neuromas (p = 0.019), significantly impacted the intensity values. However, tinnitus frequencies were not significantly (p = 0.36) influenced by brain MRI abnormalities. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that carotid–vertebral ultrasonography and brain MRI abnormalities significantly influence PTAs and tinnitus intensities.