With the implementation of modern scientific protocols, the average human lifespan has significantly improved, but age-related problems remain a challenge. With the advent of ageing, there are alterations in gut microbiota and gut barrier functions, weak immune responses, increased oxidative stress, and other age-related disorders. This review has highlighted and discussed the current understanding on the significance of gut microbiota dysbiosis and ageing and its inherent effects against age-related oxidative stress as well as on the gut health and gut-brain axis. Further, we have discussed the key mechanism of action of Lactobacillus strains in the longevity of life, alleviating gut dysbiosis, and improving oxidative stress and inflammation to provide an outline of the role of Lactobacillus strains in restoration of gut microbiota dysbiosis and alleviating certain conditions during ageing. Microbiota-targeted interventions of some characterized strains of probiotic Lactobacillus for the restoration of gut microbial community are considered as a potential approach to improve several neurological conditions. However, very limited human studies are available on this alarmed issue and recommend further studies to identify the unique Lactobacillus strains with potential anti-ageing properties and to discover its novel core microbiome-association, which will help to increase the therapeutic potential of probiotic Lactobacillus strains to ageing.

This study examined the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from extremely cold environments on the bacterial diversity, chemical composition, and fermentation quality of alfalfa-based TMR silage. The TMR was treated with Lactobacillus reuteri A4-2 (Lr A4-2) and Lentilactobacillus buchneri 9-2 (Lb 9-2) at an application rate of 1.0 × 10⁵ cfu/g fresh material, respectively, and the control received the same volume of distilled water. The TMR was ensiled for 7, 15, 30, 60, and 210 days. The Lr A4-2 treatment produced higher lactic acid (62.53 g/kg DM at 210 days) and maintained a diverse bacterial community throughout the ensiling compared with the control and Lb 9-2 treatment. The Lb 9-2 treatment increased acetic acid (51.42 g/kg DM at 210 days) and formed a distinct bacterial community profile. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a shift from initial Weissella dominance to Lactobacillus-dominated communities across the treatments by day 210. Alpha diversity indices decreased over time, with Lr A4-2 treatment maintaining higher diversity. Principal coordinate analysis demonstrated significant temporal shifts in bacterial community composition among treatments (p < 0.01). The results suggest that different heterofermentative LAB strains modulated the fermentation and microbial balance in alfalfa-based TMR silage in different ways.

The global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to public health, especially in the animal ecosystems, is alarming. This review focuses on how antimicrobial use in aquaculture and livestock contributes to the emergence and spread of AMR on the basis of a One Health (OH) approach. Aquaculture and livestock are essential for meeting the global food demand. However, the use of antimicrobials to manage diseases and promote growth has contributed to the menace of AMR in human and environmental health. We suggest that an integrated approach to AMR management could be achieved by applying OH, which recognizes the common existence and interconnectivity between human, animal, and environmental health. It highlights sustainable actions, international guidelines, and even cross‐sectoral collaboration. These are demonstrated through case studies of existing solutions from various regions, offering models that can be adapted globally. The review concludes with recommendations regarding the stewardship of antimicrobials, regulatory changes, and surveillance improvements to address the growing global threat that AMR poses.