As a city with a long history, Macao has valuable resources rich in historical and cultural heritage, which has many historical buildings with unique colors. The color of the architectural environment plays an important role in its conservation and r...

Applying embodied cognition theory is essential for the conservation and revitalization of architectural heritage. This paper examines how embodied cognition, architectural design, and local historical resources impact the conservation and revitalization of architectural heritage. Analysis of 435 valid questionnaires through structural equation modeling reveals that embodied experience, immersive environments, architectural atmosphere, and the utilization of historical resourceSSs play critical roles in the conservation and revitalization of heritage, with the utilization of historical resources having the most significant effect. This research demonstrates that embodied cognition theory can effectively integrate historical heritage resources by promoting multi-sensory engagement and spatial experience, facilitating the sustainable use and regeneration of architectural heritage. Based on these findings, the paper further discusses the potential and strategies for applying embodied cognition in the conservation and revitalization of historical heritage resources.

Urban perception research has long focused on global metropolises, but has overlooked many cities with complex functions and spatial structures, resulting in insufficient universality of existing theories when facing diverse urban contexts. This study constructed an analytical framework that integrates street scene images and interpretable machine learning. Taking Zhengzhou City as the research object, it extracted street visual elements based on deep learning technology and systematically analyzed the formation mechanism of multi-dimensional urban perception by combining the LightGBM model and SHAP method. The main findings of the research are as follows: (1) The urban perception of Zhengzhou City shows a significant east–west difference with Zhongzhou Avenue as the boundary. Positive perceptions such as safety and vitality are concentrated in the central business district and historical districts, while negative perceptions are more common in the urban fringe areas with chaotic built environments and single functions. (2) The visibility of greenery, the openness of the sky and the continuity of the building interface are identified as key visual elements affecting perception, and their directions and intensifies of action show significant differences due to different perception dimensions. (3) The influence of visual elements on perception has a complex mechanism of action. For instance, the promoting effect of greenery visibility on beauty perception tends to level off after reaching a certain threshold. The research results of this study can provide quantitative basis and strategic reference for the improvement in urban space quality and humanized street design.