As social culture and structure evolve, changes occur in individuals’ eating habits and environmental awareness. This study assesses the relationship between sustainable eating behaviors and environmental literacy across generations (Gens) from the same ancestry. The Sustainable and Healthy Eating (SHE) Behavior Scale and the Environmental Literacy Scale for Adults (ELSA) was administered to 381 individuals across three generations. Self-reported anthropometric data were collected. The total scores of the SHE Behavior Scale of the participants from all three generations were significantly different from each other. The “Quality Labels”, “Meat Reduction” and “Low Fat” factor scores were similar in GenX and GenY. These factor scores were significantly lower in GenZ. The “Animal Welfare” factor score was significantly higher in GenX. The “Avoiding Food Waste and Seasonal Foods” and “Local Food” factor scores were significantly higher in GenX than in GenY and GenZ. The “Healthy and Balanced Diet” factor score was significantly lower in GenZ. There was no difference between the total ELSA scores. The “Environmental Consciousness” factor score was significantly lower in GenX than in GenY. Generational disparities strongly influence perspectives on sustainable and healthy eating. Focused initiatives are essential to educate future parents, who play a pivotal role in shaping the next generation, about sustainable nutrition.

Phenomenon: Physician immigration from other countries is increasing as developed countries continue to be desirable destinations for physicians; however, the determinants of Turkish physicians' migration decisions are still unclear. Despite its wide coverage in the media and among physicians in Türkiye, and being the subject of much debate, there is insufficient data to justify this attention. With this study, we aimed to investigate the tendency of senior medical students in Türkiye to pursue their professional careers abroad and its related factors. Approach: This cross-sectional study involved 9881 senior medical students from 39 different medical schools in Türkiye in 2022. Besides participants' migration decision, we evaluated the push and pull factors related to working, social environment and lifestyle in Türkiye and abroad, medical school education inadequacy, and personal insufficiencies, as well as the socioeconomic variables that may affect the decision to migrate abroad. The analyses were carried out with a participation rate of at least 50%. Findings: Of the medical students, 70.7% had emigration intentions. Approximately 60% of those want to stay abroad permanently, and 61.5% of them took initiatives such as learning a foreign language abroad (54.5%) and taking relevant exams (18.9%). Those who wanted to work in the field of Research & Development were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.22-1.54) times more likely to emigrate. The push factor that was related to emigration intention was the "working conditions in the country" (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.56-2.28) whereas the "social environment/lifestyle abroad" was the mere pull factor for the tendency of emigration (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.45-2.06). In addition, the quality problem in medical schools also had a significant impact on students' decisions (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.83-2.65). Insights: Although the percentage of those who want to emigrate "definitely" was at the same level as in the other developing countries, the tendency to migrate "permanently" was higher in Türkiye. Improving working conditions in the country and increasing the quality of medical faculties seem vital in preventing the migration of physicians.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effects of community-based social distancing interventions after the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case in Turkey on the course of the pandemic and to determine the number of prevented cases. In this ecological study, the interventions implemented in response to the first COVID-19 cases in Turkey were evaluated and the effect of the interventions was demonstrated by calculating the effective reproduction number (Rt) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coro navirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) when people complied with community-based social distancing rules. Google mobility scores decreased by an average of 36.33±22.41 points (range, 2.60 to 84.80) and a median of 43.80 points (interquartile range [IQR], 24.90 to 50.25). The interventions caused the calculated Rt to decrease to 1.88 (95% confidence interval, 1.87 to 1.89). The median growth rate was 19.90% (IQR, 10.90 to 53.90). A positive correlation was found between Google mobility data and Rt (r=0.783; p<0.001). The expected number of cases if the growth rate had not changed was predicted according to Google mobility categories, and it was estimated to be 1 381 922 in total. Thus, community-based interventions were estimated to have prevented 1 299 593 people from being infected. Community-based social distancing interventions significantly decreased the Rt of COVID-19 by reducing human mobility, and thereby prevented many people from becoming infected. Another important result of this study is that it shows health policy-makers that data on human mobility in the community obtained via mobile phones can be a guide for measures to be taken.

BACKGROUND: Preventing obesity and non-communicable disease is possible by making the right eating habits from early ages, therefore increasing food literacy level might be enforced in the preventive programs. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to measure university students’ food literacy level using “A short food literacy questionnaire (SFLQ) for adults” and determining cut-off point compared with health literacy. METHODS: Questionnaire was about Newest Vital Sign (NVS) test, Turkey Health Literacy SCALE-32 (TSOY-32) and Short Food Literacy Questionnaire (SFLQ). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed by calculating the specificity and sensitivity of the scale cut-off values, and the area under the curve (AUC) was computed. RESULTS: The score from SLFQ increased with the improvement of general health perception and having food label reading habit (respectively; p = 0.003; p < 0.001). The mean SFLQ score increases with the increased level of TSOY-32 health literacy ( P < 0.001). Finally, according to the results, classification of individuals with SFLQ is≥31 points as Adequate-Excellent food literacy and < 31 points as Inadequate-Limited food literacy. CONCLUSION: Describing food literacy in two categories will be easy to demonstrate the connection between food literacy and healthy food consumption behaviors.

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye genelinde aile hekimliği uygulamasına geçilmesinden 5 yıl sonra, Kayseri ilinde halkın aile hekimliği uygulamasından memnuniyet durumunu değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışma, 2015 yılı Ocak-Şubat aylarında Erciyes Üniversitesi Hastanesi polikliniklerine başvuran 854 kişi ile anket yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Memnuniyetsizlik düzeyi %40 alınarak gerçekleştirilen örneklem hesabı 864 olup 10 adet anket formu yetersizlik nedeniyle çalışmadan çıkarılmıştır. Hastaların memnuniyetleri kendi beyanlarına göre likert tipi anket sorularıyla değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırma grubunun yaş ortalaması 41,54±15,33 olup büyük çoğunluğu 25-49 yaş aralığındadır. Kişilerin %11,9’u aile heki-mine hiç gitmediğini belirtmiştir. Aile hekimine başvuru nedenleri incelendiğinde en çok ilaç yazdırmak için (%58,4) aile hekimine gittikleri gözlenmiştir. Aile hekimlerini başkalarına tavsiye ettiğini belirtenlerin oranı %59,0’dur. En çok tavsiye nedeni olarak aile hekiminin ilgili oluşu belirtilmiştir. Hastane başvurusundan önce aynı şikayeti ne-deniyle ilk önce aile hekimine başvuranların oranı %24,6 ile düşük bir orandadır. Kişilerin %87,8’i aile hekimlerini kendilerinin seçmediğini belirtmişlerdir. Araştırma grubunun %71,5’i aile hekiminden aldığı hizmetlerden memnun olduğunu belirtmiştir. Cinsiyete göre aile hekiminden memnuniyet durumu açısından iki grup arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Yaş grupları arasında da istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark olmamasına rağmen, memnuniyet durumunun yaşla birlikte arttığı görülmektedir. En yüksek memnuniyet düzeyi %83,7 ile 65 yaş üzerindedir. Eğitim seviyesi arttıkça kişilerin aile hekiminden memnuniyet oranı azalmaktadır. Kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin olmayanlara göre aile hekiminden memnun olma durumu anlamlı ölçüde yüksek bulunmuştur. Son bir yıl içinde aile hekimine başvuru ortalaması 4,32±3,86 olup kadınların erkeklere göre 4,59±4,11 oranında daha fazla aile hekimine başvurduğu görülmüştür. Başvuru ortalaması yaşla birlikte artmakta ve eğitim seviyesi ile ters orantılı olarak azalmaktadır.Sonuç: Çalışmamızda aile hekimliği uygulamasından memnuniyet oranının zaman içinde arttığı ancak başvuru durumunun hala istenilen seviyede olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Kişilerin aile sağlığı merkezlerini en çok ilaç yazdırmak için kullandıkları belirlenmiş olup, bununla birlikte kişiye yönelik koruyucu sağlık hizmeti ve tedavi edici hizmetler vermesi gereken aile sağlığı merkezlerinin, en çok ilaç yazdırmak için kullanılıyor olması müdahale edilmesi gereken bir sağlık sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.