Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), initially identified as a neuronal guidance protein, has emerged as a multifaceted regulator in cancer biology. Beyond its role in axonal guidance and angiogenesis, NRP1 is increasingly recognized for its significant impact on tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes. This review explores the diverse functions of NRP1 in cancer, encompassing its influence on tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. NRP1 interacts with several key signaling pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), semaphorins, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), modulating the tumor microenvironment and promoting angiogenesis. Moreover, NRP1 expression correlates with poor prognosis in various malignancies, underscoring its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Therapeutically, targeting NRP1 holds promise as a novel strategy to inhibit tumor growth and enhance the efficacy of regular treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Strategies involving NRP1-targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and gene silencing techniques, are being actively investigated in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite challenges in specificity and delivery, advances in understanding NRP1 biology offer new avenues for personalized cancer therapy. Although several types of cancer cells can express NRPs, the role of NRPs in tumor pathogenesis is largely unknown. Future investigations are needed to enhance our understanding of the effects and mechanisms of NRPs on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of neuronal, endothelial, and cancer cells. The novel frameworks or multi-omics approaches integrate data from multiple databases to better understand cancer’s molecular and clinical features, develop personalized therapies, and help identify biomarkers. This review highlights the pivotal role of NRP1 in cancer pathogenesis and discusses its implications for developing targeted therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes, highlighting the role of OMICS in targeting cancer patients for personalized therapy.

To examine how changes in Medicare payments and industry transfers of value (TOVs) are associated with changes microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) procedure rates. Retrospective, observational cohort study. Ophthalmologists who performed glaucoma surgery for Medicare beneficiaries from 2018-2023. A 20% nationally representative sample of Medicare Part B Carrier claims from 2018-2023 identified trabecular meshwork bypass stent implantation, goniotomy, canaloplasty, and trabeculectomy procedures using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Procedures were aggregated at the physician-year level using National Provider Identifiers. Medicare payment changes for trabecular bypass stents implantation implemented on January 1, 2022 were examined alongside contemporaneous industry stent-related TOV payments from trabecular meshwork bypass stent manufacturers (Alcon and Glaukos), obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments database. Annual and quarterly procedure volumes were compared before (2018-2021) and after (2022-2023) the policy change. Trabeculectomy served as a control procedure. Annual procedure volumes for trabecular stents, goniotomy, canaloplasty, and trabeculectomy; mean number of procedures performed per physician; association of CMS payment rates and industry TOV payments with individual procedure rates. Following a Medicare payment reduction for trabecular stents from approximately $500 to $34 per procedure, national trabecular stent utilization stably declined by 33%. Over the same period, goniotomy utilization increased by 61% and canaloplasty utilization increased by 19%, Total MIGS volume remained relatively stable. Industry stent-related TOV payments to ophthalmologists increased substantially in 2022 but subsequently declined in 2023. Stratified analyses demonstrated that reductions in trabecular stent utilization occurred across all levels of industry TOV payment recipients, including among physicians receiving the highest payment amounts. A large Medicare payment reduction for trabecular meshwork bypass stent implantation was associated with rapid declines in stent utilization and increased performance of alternative MIGS procedures. Concurrent increases in industry TOV payments did not offset these shifts, suggesting that Medicare payment policy exerted a stronger influence on procedural selection than industry financial incentives. These findings highlight the sensitivity of surgical practice patterns to payment policy and suggest that even substantial industry payments may have limited influence when insurer payments change dramatically.