Článek je věnován problematice rovinných a prostorových transformací s ohledem na území ovlivněném hornickou činností. Rovinné transformace byly aplikovány mezi rovinným Ottovým důlním souřadnicovým systémem, Katastrálním souřadnicovým systémem svatoštěpánským a systémem Jednotné trigonometrické sítě katastrální (JTSK). Zde jsou definovány základní charakteristiky převodu mezi těmito systémy. Prostorová transformace je realizována převodem souřadnic bodů mezi systémem JTSK a Evropským terestrickým referenčním systémem (ETRS89), kde jsou popsány konvenční vztahy a další možnosti převodu. Součástí článku je realizace experimentu přímé transformaci mezi katastrálním souřadnicovým systémem svatoštěpánským a systémem ETRS98 na území Brna, které není hornickou činností ovlivněno. Pro tuto transformaci bylo použito 8 trigonometrických bodů, u nichž byla původně provedena analýza identity. Testována byla Interpolační transformace a transformace One Step, které řeší převod jako rozdělené úlohy pro polohu a pro výšky. Lepší hodnoty reziduí vykazovala Interpolační transformace. Výsledky experimentu budou použity pro účely vytyčení starých důlních děl technologií GNSS

Slope deformations, i.e., all types of landslides of rock masses (flow, creep, fall down, etc.), caused by gravitational forces, are the most widespread implementation of geological hazards and a negative geomorphological phenomenon that threatens the security of the population, destroy all utility values of the affected regions, negatively affects the environment, and cause considerable economic damage. Nowadays, the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide accurate data for precise observations around the world due to the growing number of satellites from multiple operators, as well as more powerful and advanced technologies and the implementation of mathematical and physical models more accurately describing systematic errors that degrade GNSS observations such as ionospheric, tropospheric, and relativistic effects or multipath. The correct combination of measurement methods provides even more precise, i.e., better measurement results or estimates of unknown parameters. The combination of measurement procedures and their significant evaluations represent the essential attribute of deformation monitoring of landslides concerning the protection of the environment and the population’s safety in the interest areas for the sustainable development of human society. This article presents the establishment and use of a local geodetic network in particular local space for various needs. Depending upon the specific conditions, it is possible to use GNSS technology to obtain accurate observations and achieve the results applicable to the deformation survey for subsequent processing of the adjustment procedure.

Contents of the present paper is to analyze the useful of maps of the cadastre in terms of accuracy recorded in cadastral docu - mentation and elaborates on the territory of the Slovak Republic and specifically selected cadastral area analyzes and quantifies the geodetic village known, but the general public is not quite obvious causes of changes in plot areas related to climate projection imaging planes to land cadastral maps made in different map projections. The aim of this paper is the changes in the Slovak Re - public to quantify, describe a clear mathematical dependence and point out that this issue can not be accessed across the board.

Long linear constructions, particularly high-speed railway lines, place very high demands on the accuracy of the fundamental geodetic controls on which they are based. In general, national reference coordinate systems possess deformations (relative inconsistencies) due to historical factors—primarily the low accuracy of the measurement methods that were used at the time of their development. The reference coordinate system S-JTSK used in the Czech Republic comprises local deformations that are determined using a modern space geodesy method—the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). An analysis of the local deformations revealed that, in the Czech Republic, 99% of the length corrections from the coordinate system deformations are in the interval of −1.4 to +1.4 cm/km with a standard deviation of up to 1.4 cm/km. The extreme value in this regard is the length correction from the deformation of +2.5 cm/km and the standard deviation of 3.6 cm/km. These values exceed the required accuracy of 1 cm/km, and the length corrections from the deformations, together with the length corrections from the used projection, must be taken into account when undertaking surveying work on high-speed railway lines in the Czech Republic (also with the height correction for lengths). The magnitude of the scatter also indicates the distortion of the S-JTSK projection conformality due to the deformations.

The paper deals with geodetic and metrological activities in the field of length parameter, on the basis of which the uniformity and accuracy of measurements and gauges are ensured also in international extent. The historical role of surveyors in determining the basic unit of length is briefly described. Furthermore, the impact of the application of the laser tracker on the accuracy of determination of the characteristics of the geodetic length standard Koštice (Czech Republic) is evaluated. Based on laboratory tests performed in VUGTK and interlaboratory comparative tests with a leading laboratory in the length parameter in Veisala (Finland), the declared uncertainties of measurement of the VUGTK laboratory were confirmed. These are applied in the metrological traceability of the geodetic length base in Javoriv (Ukraine).

The proposed thesis is focused on reviewing the horizontal refraction during measuring in local geodetic networks. Based on elaborat - ed theoretical assumptions the refraction model was arranged in a way that the questions were solved by the identity of the horizontal refraction. The necessary part of the application of the refraction model is the problem of optimizing the geodetic networks and de - ducting the method of the variance components, which play a major role in the precision of results. The independent acquisition of the thesis lies in the area of modelling the horizontal refraction with a stochastic approach, where the values of the refraction are gained through the measured data of the horizontal direction. In the model, it is necessary to identify the parameters according to the entire measurements and between two points. According to the attained results, I can state that the horizontal refraction was identified mainly on the measurements that were confirmed near the dam in most of the measured experiments. The experimented measure - ments were confirmed based on the assumptions that are in theoretical capitol, where the assumptions of the effect of the horizontal refraction are measured near the dam, river, shores, and valleys.