Lumbar disk herniation is a common cause of pain in people older than 30, often associated with workload, where the therapeutic approach includes different methods of treatment; therefore, the aim of the study was to inspect the effectiveness of different methods of treating pain caused by lumbar disk herniation in relation to pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory parameters before and after two weeks of therapy. There were twenty-eight participants with a diagnosis confirmed by a specialist who also assigned the participant to a clinically appropriate type of treatment. Pain and disability were assessed using the SF-MPQ and ODI (Title: Immune Response During the Conservative and Minimal Invasive Treatment of Pain Caused by Lumbar Disc Herniation, Clinical Trials Number (NCT06545812), Initial Release 23 July 2024, Last Release 27 August 2025). In addition to the above questionnaires, serum samples were collected before and after therapy for analysis of inflammatory biomarkers. Although there was no statistically significant difference, the tendency of decreases in IL-1 beta and IL-8 in the median levels (interquartile range) was observed after conservative treatment. The results indicate role of inflammatory mechanisms in the treatment of disk herniation and support the benefits of a conservative approach through the regulation of pain, disability, and cytokine activity.

Background/Objectives: Overweight and obesity in early childhood is a serious public health problem as in most cases it persists into adulthood and significantly affects the quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms that trigger extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue of male children in relation to their body weight. Methods: During elective abdominal surgery, SAT and VAT were acquired from 75 male subjects undergoing hernia repair (inguinal herniorrhaphy by Ferguson) or orchidopexy. Based on their Z-score, subjects were separated into two groups. The morphometry of both adipose tissue compartments was assessed after hematoxylin and eosin histological staining, immunohistochemistry to quantify CD163⁺ cells and the number of crown-like structures (CLSs), and real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess the relative gene expression for collagen VI subtype alpha 3 (COL6α3). Results: Obese and overweight individuals were found to have higher numbers of CD163⁺ cells, greater numbers of CLSs in VAT and SAT, and a higher expression of COL6α3 in both compartments. Conclusions: Obesity in childhood may lead to increased COL6α3 gene expression and promote the activation of macrophage polarization, compromise the structural integrity of the ECM, and thus influence the development of inflammatory processes.