Zinc is essential for various plant physiological functions, including enzyme activation, protein synthesis, and stress resistance. However, nearly half of the world’s arable soils are zinc-deficient, adversely affecting crop productivity and human health, especially in regions reliant on plant-based diets. Traditional zinc supplementation methods, such as chemical fertilizers, often fall short due to environmental and economic limitations. This study highlights Zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) as a sustainable alternative, capable of converting insoluble zinc into bioavailable forms through mechanisms like organic acid production, chelation, and siderophore activity, thus enhancing plant zinc uptake. These bacteria also contribute to soil health by improving microbial diversity, enzyme activity, and soil structure, promoting nutrient cycling and supporting plant growth. Field studies demonstrate that ZSB inoculation increases crop yields, enhances plant health, and improves the nutritional quality of produce. The integration of ZSB into biofertilizer formulations further highlights their role in sustainable agriculture by reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers. This study emphasizes the need for advanced research into next-generation technologies like genomic engineering, nano-formulations, and precision agriculture to enhance the efficacy and adoption of ZSB. Despite their promise, challenges such as storage, field performance variability, and regulatory hurdles limit widespread adoption. Ultimately, the use of ZSB offers a promising pathway to address global challenges of zinc deficiency, soil health, and food security, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices. Future research should focus on optimizing ZSB formulations, developing robust strains, and integrating ZSB with precision agriculture. Hence this study concludes that ZSB-based biofertilizers offer a valuable, eco-friendly solution to zinc deficiency, promoting sustainable agriculture and contributing to global food security and soil health.

Green nanotechnology is a promising technology that has a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals today because they offer a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio. Algal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are the subject of intense research interest today for their potential to treat and prevent infections caused by infectious microorganisms that are antibiotic resistant. Algae contain a variety of therapeutically potential bioactive ingredients, including chlorophyll, phycobilin, phenolics, flavonoids, glucosides, tannins, and saponins. As a result, NPs made from algae could be used as therapeutic antimicrobials. Due to their higher surface-area-to-volume ratios compared to their macroscopic components, metallic nanoparticles are more reactive and have toxic effects on their therapy. For pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, green synthesis restricts the use of physical and chemical methods of metallic nanoparticle synthesis, and it can be carried out in an environmentally friendly and relatively low-cost manner. The majority of macroalgae and some microalgae have latent antimicrobial activity and are used in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. A potential application in the field of nanomedicine and the establishment of a potential pharmacophore against microorganisms may result from the synthesis of algal-based NPs. Only a few studies have been done on the potential antimicrobial, antifungal, and antibacterial activity of algae-based NPs. As a result, the study will concentrate on the environmentally friendly synthesis of various NPs and their therapeutic potential, with a focus on their antibacterial activity. Thus, the aim of this study is to review all the literature available on the synthesis and characterization of the algal nanoparticles and their potential application as an antibacterial agent.

Soil stability, yield decline and higher carbon decomposition are the key issues in intensive agriculture. Long-term integrated nutrient management (INM) influences carbon (C) dynamics and maintains the soil aggregate stability, which driven by the type of cropping system and climatic zone. Therefore, the specific effects of rice-wheat-jute cropping system on soil aggregate distribution, C-stability, and trade-off between C-storage and decomposition rate were studied of a long-term INM trial in the sub-tropical zone. We investigated the effect of four long-term nutrient management practices that include, control, N (nitrogen (N) and no phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)), NPK (N, P and K) and INM (N, P, K + farmyard manure (FYM)). Results showed that the addition of FYM with NPK improved macro-aggregates by 71%, and associated C-pools by 30%. The INM enhanced C-storage (20%), however, the decomposition rate was also higher (28%) over control at 35 °C at field capacity. A trade-off exists between the soil-aggregate stabilization and C-decomposition rate. The proportion of C-storage was higher than decomposition in INM. Further, the C-sequestration varied (0.17 to 0.26 t ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) under different treatments and were found highest in INM, indicating long-term soil stability and yield sustainability in the rice-wheat-jute system.

Crown gall disease, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, results in significant loss in agricultural productivity losses due to induced tumor‐like growths on various crops. The virulence of A. tumefaciens is controlled by its quorum sensing (QS) system, specifically through the TraR protein, which regulates the expression of genes essential for pathogenicity and plasmid transfer. Beyond pathogenic interactions, QS plays a crucial role in the plant microbiome, influencing symbiosis, competition, and plant health. This study aimed to identify QS inhibitors (QSIs) that disrupt TraR‐mediated signaling as a novel approach to mitigate crown gall disease while exploring broader implications for plant‐microbe interactions. Using a combination of molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and protein−protein interaction analysis, we screened a library of potential QSIs and identified N‐phenylselenourea as a potent candidate with a binding affinity of −8 kcal/mol to TraR. MD simulations confirmed the stability of this compound within the TraR binding pocket, with strong interactions observed with key residues such as Tyr53 and Asp70. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis supported these findings, highlighting the disruption of critical pathogenic pathways. Our findings underscore the dual benefits of QSIs, offering a targeted strategy to control A. tumefaciens infections while potentially enhancing plant‐microbiome interactions for improved plant health. This study lays the groundwork for developing sustainable agricultural practices by leveraging QS disruption to manage plant diseases and promote beneficial microbial communities.