Previously, we showed that 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand and a potent and persistent toxicant and carcinogenic agent, induces high levels of murine myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) when injected into mice. In the current study, we demonstrate that Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene; RSV), an AhR antagonist, reduces TCDD-mediated MDSC induction. RSV decreased the number of MDSCs induced by TCDD in mice but also mitigated the immunosuppressive function of TCDD-induced MDSCs. TCDD caused a decrease in F4/80+ macrophages and an increase in CD11C+ dendritic cells, while RSV reversed these effects. TCDD caused upregulation in CXCR2, a critical molecule involved in TCDD-mediated induction of MDSCs, and Arginase-1 (ARG-1), involved in the immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs, while RSV reversed this effect. Transcriptome analysis of Gr1⁺ MDSCs showed an increased gene expression profile involved in the metabolic pathways in mice exposed to TCDD while RSV-treated mice showed a decrease in such pathways. The bio-energetic profile of these cells showed that RSV treatment decreased the energetic demands induced by TCDD. Overall, the data demonstrated that RSV decreased TCDD-induced MDSC induction and function by altering the dynamics of various myeloid cell populations involving their numbers, phenotype, and immunosuppressive potency. Because MDSCs play a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis, our studies also support the potential use of RSV to attenuate the immunosuppressive properties of MDSC.

Among Brassica vegetables, cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is widely recognized as a most consumed vegetable due to its rich and healthy content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. The enhancement of productivity and quality of preferred crops has gained highly importance in recent decades, driven by increasing customers demand for affordable and healthy food. Away from chemical materials and their risky side effects, biostimulants and biofertilizers could be a suitable alternative for traditional fertilizers under desert conditions. In a current study the extract of Liquorice root LRE and bread yeast BYE applied both with 0, 10, and 20 g/L on Brassica plant to explore their influence in curds metabolites. The results demonstrated that while carbohydrates reduced in curds of treated plants, protein increased with both stimulants application. The non-significant increasing in phenols and flavonoids content was observed in curds of LRE and BYE-treated plants with an elevation in antioxidant activity in their methanolic extracts. Both LRE and BYE applications promoted the curds content of macronutrients and caused a notable alteration in active compounds profile. Noteworthy, the values of acquired outcomes increased or decreased according to applied concentrations of individual or combination of both biostimulants. Therefore, the foliar application with LRE and BYE enhanced the primary and secondary metabolites of Brassica curds. However, the combination of 10 g/L of LRE and 20 g/L of BYE is recommended due to its functions in promoting the flavonoids content, antioxidant capacity, potassium content and active compounds profile such as organosulfur, troponoid, methyl 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate, 1H-Indole-3-acetonitrile and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid. These findings demonstrate that the synergistic effect of LRE and BYE biostimulants can reprogram primary and secondary metabolism, strengthening stress resilience and improving the nutraceutical quality of cauliflower grown in saline desert environments.

Matthiola incana L. is an ornamental plant with recognized phytochemical and antioxidant potential. However, limited information is available regarding its

The study examined the individual and combined effects of Aloe Vera Leaf Extract (ALE) (0, 2, and 4 ml L^- 1) and Date Palm Seed Extract (PSE) (2 and 4 g L^- 1) on Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) growth, biochemical content/composition, nutrient content/composition, and essential oil profiles. Application of ALE 4 ml L^- 1 and PSE 2 g L^- 1 as foliar treatments improved the characteristics of reproductive development by increasing seed inflorescence weight and diameter by 122.84% and 58.32%, respectively, compared to the control. Spraying ALE (4 ml L^- 1), PSE (4 g L^- 1) + ALE (4 ml L^- 1) + PSE (2 g L^- 1) on foliage resulted in an increase of 8.33% in number of flowers per plant and 51.31% increase in total yield/plant. Total phenolic content increased by 10.40%, 8.50% and 8.76% with PSE 2 g L^- 1, PSE 4 g L^- 1 and ALE 2 ml L^- 1 compared to the control, respectively. ALE at a concentration of 2 ml L^- 1 significantly increased the total flavonoid content by 115.59% compared to the control. Carbohydrate content of seeds and leaves increased significantly by 30.27% and 102.55% with ALE 2 ml L^- 1 compared to the control, respectively. The ALE 4 ml L^- 1 treatment resulted in a 166.66% increase in sulfur, while the ALE 4 ml L^- 1 + PSE 4 g L^- 1 combination resulted in a 0.239% phosphorus content compared to the control. There were 4 total compounds that were identified from both the 4 ml L-1 ALE treatment and the 4 g L-1 PSE treatment, 1,3-benzodioxole, 4,5-dimethoxy-6-(2-propenyl)-, carvone, D-limonene. These studies suggest that both ALE and PSE can enhance the growth of plants, yield from their harvest, physicochemical properties, and phytochemical profiles; Therefore, enhancing the growth and development of plants through a more sustainable approach to enhance their production and increasing bioactive compound production will be achieved by using environmentally friendly, low-input chemicals such as ALE and PSE.