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This paper presents a high-level overview of the integration of renewable energy sources (RES), primarily wind and solar, into the electric power system (EPS) in Croatia. It presents transmission system integration aspects for the particular case of this country. It explains the current situation and technical characteristics of the current conventional generation units and currently installed wind energy capacities. Based on the current situation future development scenario is determined and used to evaluate the impacts of the wide-scale integration of renewables. Grid connections aspects, power balancing, market participation, and inertia reduction aspects are considered. Furthermore, some specifics of both solar and wind integration are discussed identifying problems and potential solutions. Primarily through the provision of the inertial response of both solar and wind and through better forecasting of wind production. Finally, the outlook for the Croatian power system is given, that will most probably double its RES capacity in the coming 3-year period and a certain level of investments and changes of current operational practices will need to be provided.
Ninoslav Holjevac; Tomislav Baškarad; Josip Đaković; Matej Krpan; Matija Zidar; Igor Kuzle. Challenges of High Renewable Energy Sources Integration in Power Systems—The Case of Croatia. Energies 2021, 14, 1047 .
AMA StyleNinoslav Holjevac, Tomislav Baškarad, Josip Đaković, Matej Krpan, Matija Zidar, Igor Kuzle. Challenges of High Renewable Energy Sources Integration in Power Systems—The Case of Croatia. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):1047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNinoslav Holjevac; Tomislav Baškarad; Josip Đaković; Matej Krpan; Matija Zidar; Igor Kuzle. 2021. "Challenges of High Renewable Energy Sources Integration in Power Systems—The Case of Croatia." Energies 14, no. 4: 1047.
Increased wind energy penetration influences the power system dynamic response to transient disturbances. Replacement of conventional production units with converter-connected wind turbines reduces natural power system inertia contained in rotational masses of synchronously connected turbine-generator units, therefore creating low-inertia power systems. Such a transition has an adverse effect on system resilience to disturbances and on the capability to maintain stable operation. This research examines the impact of high regional wind power production on system transient stability in the case of island operation of the Croatian power system. The system is divided into four geographical areas modeled as four centers of inertia with aggregated parameters. The study investigated initial transient RoCoF values in different areas for current and future wind capacity share scenarios, loading data, and primary frequency regulation settings. The modeling and scenario analysis have been performed on a detailed phasor power system model in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Josip Đaković; Matej Krpan; Perica Ilak; Tomislav Baškarad; Igor Kuzle. Impact of wind capacity share, allocation of inertia and grid configuration on transient RoCoF: The case of the Croatian power system. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2020, 121, 106075 .
AMA StyleJosip Đaković, Matej Krpan, Perica Ilak, Tomislav Baškarad, Igor Kuzle. Impact of wind capacity share, allocation of inertia and grid configuration on transient RoCoF: The case of the Croatian power system. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2020; 121 ():106075.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosip Đaković; Matej Krpan; Perica Ilak; Tomislav Baškarad; Igor Kuzle. 2020. "Impact of wind capacity share, allocation of inertia and grid configuration on transient RoCoF: The case of the Croatian power system." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 121, no. : 106075.
This study analyzes the short-run hydro generation scheduling for the wind power differences from the contracted schedule. The approach for construction of the joint short-run marginal cost curve for the hydro-wind coordinated generation is proposed and applied on the real example. This joint short-run marginal cost curve is important for its participation in the energy markets and for economic feasibility assessment of such coordination. The approach credibly describes the short-run marginal costs which this coordination bears in “real life”. The approach is based on the duality framework of a convex programming and as a novelty combines the shadow price of risk mitigation, which quantifies the hourly cost of mitigating risk, and the water shadow price, which quantifies the marginal cost of electricity production. The proposed approach is formulated as a stochastic linear program and tested on the case of the Vinodol hydropower system and the wind farm Vrataruša in Croatia. The result of the case study is a family of 24 joint short-run marginal cost curves. The proposed method is expected to be of great interest to investors as it enables risk mitigation for investors with diverse risk preferences, from risk-averse to risk-seeking.
Perica Ilak; Ivan Rajsl; Josip Đaković; Marko Delimar. Duality Based Risk Mitigation Method for Construction of Joint Hydro-Wind Coordination Short-Run Marginal Cost Curves. Energies 2018, 11, 1254 .
AMA StylePerica Ilak, Ivan Rajsl, Josip Đaković, Marko Delimar. Duality Based Risk Mitigation Method for Construction of Joint Hydro-Wind Coordination Short-Run Marginal Cost Curves. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1254.
Chicago/Turabian StylePerica Ilak; Ivan Rajsl; Josip Đaković; Marko Delimar. 2018. "Duality Based Risk Mitigation Method for Construction of Joint Hydro-Wind Coordination Short-Run Marginal Cost Curves." Energies 11, no. 5: 1254.
This study analyses the short-run hydro generation scheduling for the wind power differences from the contracted schedule. The approach for construction of the joint short-run marginal cost curve for the hydro-wind coordinated generation is proposed and applied on the real example. This joint short-run marginal cost (SRMC) curve is important for its participation in the energy markets and for economic feasibility assessment of such coordination. The approach credibly describes the short-run marginal costs which this coordination bears in “real life”. The approach is based on the duality framework of a convex programming and as a novelty combines the shadow price of risk mitigation capability and the water shadow price. The proposed approach is formulated as a stochastic linear program and tested on the case of the Vinodol hydropower system and the wind farm Vrataruša in Croatia. The result of the case study is a family of 24 joint short-run marginal cost curves.
Perica Ilak; Ivan Rajšl; Josip Đaković; Marko Delimar. Duality Based Risk Mitigation Method for Construction of Joint Hydro-Wind Coordination Short-Run Marginal Cost Curves. 2018, 1 .
AMA StylePerica Ilak, Ivan Rajšl, Josip Đaković, Marko Delimar. Duality Based Risk Mitigation Method for Construction of Joint Hydro-Wind Coordination Short-Run Marginal Cost Curves. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePerica Ilak; Ivan Rajšl; Josip Đaković; Marko Delimar. 2018. "Duality Based Risk Mitigation Method for Construction of Joint Hydro-Wind Coordination Short-Run Marginal Cost Curves." , no. : 1.