Numerous rural residential buildings exhibit inadequate seismic performance when subjected to blast-induced vibrations, which poses potential threats to their overall stability and structural integrity when in proximity to blasting project sites. The investigation conducted in conjunction with the Qianshi Mountain blasting operations along the Wenzhou segment of the Hangzhou–Wenzhou High-Speed Railway integrates household field surveys and empirical measurements to perform modal analysis of rural residential buildings through finite element simulation. Adhering to the principle of stratified arrangement and composite measurement point configuration, an effective and reasonable experimental observation framework was established. In this investigation, the seven-story rural residential building in adjacent villages was selected as the research object. Strong-motion seismographs were strategically positioned adjacent to frame columns on critical stories (ground, fourth, seventh, and top floors) within the observational system to acquire test data. Methodical signal processing techniques, including effective signal extraction, baseline correction, and schedule conversion, were employed to derive temporal dynamic characteristics for each story. Combined with the Fourier transform, the frequency–domain distribution patterns of different floors are subsequently obtained. Leveraging the structural dynamic theory, time–domain records were mathematically converted to establish the structure’s maximum response spectra under blast-induced loading conditions. Through the analysis of characteristic curves, including floor acceleration response spectra, dynamic amplification coefficients, and spectral ratios, the dynamic response patterns of rural residential buildings subjected to blast-induced vibrations have been elucidated. Following the normalization of peak acceleration and velocity parameters, the mechanisms underlying differential floor-specific dynamic responses were examined, and the layout principles of measurement points were subsequently formulated and summarized. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the seismic resilience and structural safety of rural residential buildings exposed to blast-induced vibrations, with implications for both theoretical advancements and practical engineering applications.

The two-dimensional (2D) linear and nonlinear seismic response of the Dayao sedimentary basin in Yunnan was investigated using the dynamic finite element method (FEM). This study systematically evaluates the effects of basin edge topographic slope, soil stratigraphy, and soil properties on surface ground motion characteristics. The key seismic response indicators were analyzed, including the displacement amplification coefficient at soil layer observation points, the spectral ratio (H_S/H_R) of horizontal and vertical acceleration responses between the sedimentary soil layer and reference bedrock sites (site/reference), and comparative assessments of linear and nonlinear acceleration responses. The results indicate that the horizontal displacement amplification coefficient consistently exceeds its vertical counterpart under SV wave incidence, with maximum values of 4.2 and 2.5, respectively. Moreover, the amplification coefficient gradually decreases from the basin edge toward the sedimentary center, demonstrating a spatial attenuation effect. In contrast, under P wave incidence, the vertical displacement amplification coefficient exhibits a trend opposite to that of the horizontal component. Notably, at incidence angles of 30° and 60°, the vertical amplification coefficient reaches a peak of 3.5, whereas, at 85°, it drops to a minimum value of 0.2, highlighting the dependence of amplification on seismic wave incidence angles. Regarding spectral characteristics, the predominant periods of spectral ratio under SV wave incidence are 0.1 ~ 0.4 s in the horizontal direction and 0.2 ~ 0.5 s in the vertical direction. Conversely, under P wave incidence, the predominant periods of spectral ratio are 0.2 ~ 0.5 s in the horizontal direction and approximately 0.1 s in the vertical direction. The spectral ratio curves exhibit predominantly multi-peak characteristics, indicating complex wave interference and resonance effects within the basin. Furthermore, under strong seismic motion conditions, the nonlinear acceleration response spectrum within the period range of 0.01 ~ 0.4 s is consistently lower than its linear counterpart. This finding underscores the critical role of sedimentary soil nonlinearity in altering surface seismic responses and significantly influencing the predominant periods of seismic ground motion.