Mesoporous LaFeO₃/g-C₃N₄ Z-scheme heterojunctions (LFC) were synthesized via the incorporation of LaFeO₃ nanoparticles and porous g-C₃N₄ ultrathin nanosheets. The as prepared LFC were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and N₂ adsorption analysis. The structural analysis indicated that the reheating process and the addition of NH₄Cl in the thermal polymerization were the key factors to get porous g-C₃N₄ ultrathin nanosheets and to obtain high specific surface areas of LFC. It remarkably enhanced the adsorption capacity and photocatalytic degradation of LFC for removal of oxytetracycline (OTC). The effect of the mass percentage of LaFeO₃ in LFC, pH and temperature on the OTC adsorption was investigated. The LaFeO₃/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction with 2 wt % LaFeO₃ (2-LFC) exhibited highest saturated adsorption capacity (101.67 mg g⁻¹) and largest photocatalytic degradation rate constant (1.35 L g⁻¹ min⁻¹), which was about 9 and 5 times higher than that of bulk g-C₃N₄ (CN), respectively. This work provided a facile method to prepare mesoporous LaFeO₃/g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions with especially well adsorption and photocatalytic activities for OTC, which can facilitate its practical applications in pollution control.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurological disease with recognition ability loss symptoms and a major contributor to dementia cases worldwide. Gastrodia elata Bl. (GE), a food of medicine–food homology, has been reported to have a mitigating effect on memory and learning ability decline. However, the effect of GE fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum, Acetobacter pasteurianus, and Saccharomyces (FGE) on alleviating cognitive deficits in AD was not studied. Mice were randomly divided into six groups, control, model, donepezil, low, medium, and high doses of FGE, and D-Galactose/Aluminum chloride (D-Gal/AlCl₃) was used to establish an AD-like mouse model. The results indicated that FGE could improve the production of neurotransmitters and relieve oxidative stress damage in AD-like mice, which was evidenced by the declined levels of amyloid-β (Aβ), Tau, P-Tau, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased acetylcholine (Ach), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in brain tissue. Notably, FGE could enhance the richness of the gut microbiota, especially for beneficial bacteria such as Lachnospira and Lactobacillus. Non-target metabolomics results indicated that FGE could affect neurotransmitter levels by regulating amino acid metabolic pathways to improve AD symptoms. The FGE possessed an ameliorative effect on AD by regulating neurotransmitters, oxidative stress levels, and gut microbiota and could be considered a good candidate for ameliorating AD.