КОМОРБИДНЫЕ И ТЯЖЕЛЫЕ ФОРМЫ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ В РОССИИ

COVID-19, having not completed its epidemic development, gradually passes into the stage of prolonged diseases, which at the clinical level is designated as «postcovid syndrome». The symptomatology of these negative phenomena is quite diverse, covers the dysfunction of many organs and systems, and deserves the formulation of polymorphism of secondary and delayed complications. They are based on the consequences of the transferred acute phase of inflammation, systemic prolonged metabolic and structural disorders, including the studied genetic disorders. Possible causes of polymorphism of disorders and their manifestations in the postcovid period are considered.

ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЕ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ И РОСТ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ В РОССИИ

ПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ВИЧ-АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ НЕЙРОКОГНИТИВНЫХ РАССТРОЙСТВ

Background: Long COVID is characterized by persistent symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aims to evaluate immune system markers, including antigen-specific antibodies, B cell subsets, and Th2-related cytokines, in individuals with long COVID and to investigate their potential impact on the development of this condition. Methods: We analyzed blood plasma from 63 individuals diagnosed with long COVID based on clinical presentation and 47 healthy individuals with COVID-19 history but no clinical symptoms. Antigen-specific IgG antibodies were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed via flow cytometry and a gating strategy based on CD27 and CD38. Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) were quantified using the xMAP multiplex assay. Results: We noted no significant differences in IgG levels between groups. Notably, individuals with long COVID demonstrated a higher percentage of naive mature B cells (CD27−CD38+), while transitional (CD27−CD38+++) and double-negative (DN, CD27−CD38-) cells were significantly reduced. Elevated levels of IL-5 and IL-13 were observed in long COVID patients. Classification analysis revealed that the percentage of transitional B cells (CD27−CD38+++) was a strong predictor of long COVID. Conclusions: Our findings highlight alterations in B cell dynamics among individuals with long COVID, which may contribute to autoimmune processes.

HIV infection refers to socially significant diseases. As a result of the wide coverage of effective antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV, the rates of AIDS-related mortality have significantly decreased. At the same time, there was a noticeable increase in morbidity and mortality from other non-AIDS-related diseases, not the last place in this list is occupied by malignant neoplasms. A decrease in the frequency of AIDS-associated tumors and an increase in the proportion of AIDS-unassociated tumors are significant changes in the structure of malignant neoplasms. There is a complex relationship between HIV-induced immune suppression, chronic antigenic stimulation and concomitant oncogenic viral infections, which increases the risk of developing malignant tumors in these patients. People living with HIV have higher rates of cancer mortality associated with both the lack of adequate antitumor therapy, complications of treatment, and the existence of a direct relationship between immunosuppression and tumor progression. This article analyzes the problems that arise in the treatment of oncological HIV-infected patients, and offers specific practical steps to solve complex interdisciplinary problems.