Introduction: Many studies reported that prenatal exposure to lead and mercury are correlated with reduced birth weight and size, and these metals can cause adverse effects on neurodevelopment. In this study, it was aimed to investigate and compare the lead and mercury levels in maternal blood, cord blood, and placenta in pregnant women with IUGR fetuses diagnosed using abnormal Doppler findings and pregnant women with healthy fetuses. Material: This study included 75 patients, comprising 41 in IUGR group and 34 in control group. Maternal venous blood, fetal cord blood and placental samples were taken during delivery period. Results: Mercury levels in maternal blood and fetal cord blood, and lead levels in the placenta were found to be significantly higher in the IUGR group than in healthy subjects. Correlation analysis revealed that measurement values of body weight, body height, and head circumference of fetus might be lower when mercury level was measured higher in maternal blood and fetal cord blood. Furthermore, fetal body weight and fetal body height also would be lower when lead level measured in placenta was higher. Logistic Regression analysis results revealed that mercury levels measured in fetal cord blood could be used as the best marker in predicting low fetal weight, low fetal body height, and low fetal head circumference. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was thought with this study results that in order to identify the etiology and to give therapeutic prenatal care of the IUGR in a fetus diagnosed as idiopathic IUGR it would be appropriate to measure the level of lead and especially mercury in the fetal cord blood during the prenatal follow-up period.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological features and oncological outcomes of Brenner tumors (BT). Evaluation was performed on the data of 46 patients with BTs retrieved from the oncology clinic database and pathology reports between 2005 and 2020. The median (range) age of the patients was 52 (22-75) years. Median (range) tumor size was 52.5 (5.0-300) mm. The tumor was benign in 37 (80.4%), borderline in one (2.2%), and malignant in the remaining eight (17.4%). Ten (21.7%) of the tumors were detected incidentally. Mixed tumor, BT plus another ovarian pathology, was found in 13 (28.2%). Recurrence developed in 2/8 (25%) with malignant BT (MBT). The stage of these patients was 3C, and both received chemotherapy after surgery. BTs are rare and generally detected incidentally. MBTs are treated in the same way as epithelial tumors. Due to the rarity of these tumors, lymphadenectomy and optimal chemotherapy regimens are controversial issues.

We aimed to define the effect of tumor size on recurrence and survival rates in patients with stage I–II endometrioid-type endometrial cancer. A total of 550 patients who had total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic-paraaortic lymphadenectomy were included. Patients with extrauterine spread, sarcomatous components, or synchronized tumor and those who did not undergo lymphadenectomy or did not have data on tumor size were excluded. The median tumor size was 35 mm (range: 3–335 mm). According to the 2009 International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) criteria, 245 cases were defined as stage IA, 271 as stage IB, and 34 as stage II. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 92% and the 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was 99%. The effects of prognostic factors on DFS were evaluated. Older age, stage II disease, deep myometrial invasion, and receiving adjuvant radiotherapy were associated with decreased DFS. There was no statistically significant association between tumor size and DFS. The 5-year DFS for patients with a tumor diameter of 35 mm (P = 0.128). Tumor size was not a risk factor predicting recurrence in patients with stage I or II endometrioid-type endometrial cancer who had lymphadenectomy.

To evaluate uncommon types of borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) and define the clinical, surgical, and pathologic features. Seventeen patients who were treated in our hospital between 1990 and 2017 were identified. Patients’ data were collected from the gynecologic oncology clinic electronic database, patients’ files, and pathology reports. Conservative surgery was defined as preservation of the uterus and at least part of one ovary. The mean age was 47 (range, 22-70) years. Based on histopathologic tumor type, there was mixed tumor in five (29.4%) patients, endometrioid-type in nine (52.9%), seromusinous-type in two (11.8%), and Brenner-type in one (5.9%). Conservative surgery was performed in 4 patients. Two patients with endometrioid BOT had synchronous endometrial pathology, including one (11%) patient with endometrial cancer, one (11%) with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, and 3 (33%) patients had endometriosis. The median follow-up was 19 (range, 1-137) months. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. In our small volume case series, it could be said that non-serous/non-mucinous BOT has excellent prognosis. However, endometrial pathology should be checked in endometrioid type.

We aimed to evaluate whether adjuvant radiotherapy had a survival benefit for patients with early-stage cervical carcinoma with intermediate-risk factors. This study included patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy according to Wertheim–Okabayashi for stage IB1-IIA2 cervical carcinoma. Each patient had at least one intermediate-risk factor including tumour diameter ≥4 cm, deep stromal invasion, and positive lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI). Patients with lymph node metastasis, parametrial invasion, and positive surgical margins according to the final paraffin section were excluded. In total, 183 patients were included. Seventy-three (39.9%) patients had one, 85 (46.4%) had two, and 25 (13.7%) had three intermediate risk factors. Sixty-seven (36.6%) patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of stage, LVSI, and endometrial/uterine invasion between the groups that did and did not receive adjuvant radiotherapy (p = .024, p = .018, and p = .001, respectively). These two groups were homogenised by performing propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. In the new matched cohort (n = 134), 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 89.5% in the group that received adjuvant radiotherapy and 82% in the group that did not (HR: 0.484, 95% CI: [0.171–1.369]; p = .171). Also, receiving adjuvant radiotherapy was not associated with an improvement in oncologic outcomes in patients with one, two, or more intermediate risk factors. In univariate analysis, none of the risk factors was associated with DFS. In conclusion, adjuvant radiotherapy had no favourable effect on survival outcomes in patients with early-stage cervical carcinoma with only intermediate risk factors.