Obesity represents a global health challenge, with a critical and urgent need for long-term, sustainable management strategies. Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. At first approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, tirzepatide represents one of the latest clinically approved and commercially available pharmacological options for obesity management. This narrative review aimed to synthesize existing clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in non-diabetic obese individuals. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant clinical trials, meta-analyses, and original studies assessing the weight-loss impact of tirzepatide from 2022 onwards. Synthesized evidence indicated that tirzepatide achieved up to 20.9% weight loss over 72 weeks (SURMOUNT-1), 18.4% after lifestyle intervention (SURMOUNT-3), 17.5% in Chinese adults (SURMOUNT-CN), and 25.3% with continued treatment over 88 weeks (SURMOUNT-4). Meta-analyses confirmed higher odds of ≥5–20% weight loss versus semaglutide and liraglutide, significantly reducing body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Health-related quality of life improved with greater weight loss, and gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, diarrhea, constipation) were common but mild to moderate, with <5% treatment discontinuation. Tirzepatide achieved significant weight loss, cardiometabolic benefits, and improved quality of life in non-diabetic obese individuals, but further research is needed on long-term efficacy, safety, and clinical application.

Obesity remains a global health challenge, requiring long-term, sustainable treatment strategies. Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist is the latest clinically approved and commercially available pharmacological option for obesity management, necessitating further research in non-diabetic individuals. This narrative review synthesizes existing clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of Tirzepatide in non-diabetic obese individuals. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant clinical trials, meta-analyses, and studies assessing its weight-loss impact from 2022 onwards. Synthesized evidence indicates that Tirzepatide achieved up to 20.9% weight loss over 72 weeks (SURMOUNT-1), 18.4% after lifestyle intervention (SURMOUNT-3), 17.5% in Chinese adults (SURMOUNT-CN), and 25.3% with continued treatment over 88 weeks (SURMOUNT-4). Meta-analyses confirmed higher odds of ≥5%-20% weight loss versus Semaglutide and Liraglutide, significantly reducing body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) improved with greater weight loss, and gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, diarrhea, constipation) were common but mild to moderate, with <5% treatment discontinuation. Tirzepatide achieved significant weight loss, cardiometabolic benefits, and improved quality of life in non-diabetic obese individuals, but further research is needed on long-term efficacy, safety, and clinical application.

An increase in the incidence of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) following the COVID-19 vaccine. The aim of this report is to shed the light on different presentations of SAT postCOVID-19 vaccine while reviewing the link between the vaccine and subsequent thyroid inflammation. We present the case of a middle-aged man who presented symptoms of SAT 1-week postvaccine. He achieved euthyroidism 6 weeks later. We also present the case of a middle-aged woman with less severe symptoms of SAT 4 weeks after the vaccine. She is in the hypothyroid phase 11 weeks later. A 37-year-old male developed severe symptoms 2 weeks after the first dose and is still hyperthyroid 5 weeks later. A 36-year-old woman presented with silent SAT 3 weeks after the first dose. Cases of SAT following SARS-Cov-2 are now reported increasingly. COVID-19 can cause thyroiditis via direct cell, or alternatively though immune destruction of the thyroid in genetically susceptible individuals. Similarly, the vaccine can promote inflammation through the same mechanisms. Indeed, there is a postulated cross-reactivity between the spike protein and thyroid antigens. More-so, there is the studied vaccine adjuvant effect on the endocrine system, namely the thyroid in this case. Cases of SAT postCOVID-19 vaccines are increasingly reported. Theories are similar to COVID19-induced thyroiditis but also other mechanisms are uniquely mediated by vaccines. A low threshold should be set to diagnose SAT in patients with one or more hyperthyroid symptoms presenting 1–8 weeks postCOVID-19 vaccine.