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Synthesis gas (or syngas) is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, that may be obtained from alternative sources to oil, such as natural gas, coal, biomass, organic wastes, etc
Javier Ereña. Catalysts for Syngas Production. Catalysts 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleJavier Ereña. Catalysts for Syngas Production. Catalysts. 2020; 10 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Ereña. 2020. "Catalysts for Syngas Production." Catalysts 10, no. 6: 1.
The direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) is an ideal process to achieve the environmental objective of CO2 conversion together with the economic objective of DME production. The effect of the reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, space time) and feed composition (ternary mixtures of H2 + CO + CO2 with different CO2/CO and H2/COx molar ratios) on the reaction indices (COx conversion, product yield and selectivity, CO2 conversion) has been studied by means of experiments carried out in a fixed-bed reactor, with a CuO-ZnO-MnO/SAPO-18 catalyst, in order to establish suitable ranges of operating conditions for enhancing the individual objectives of CO2 conversion and DME yield. The optimums of these two objectives are achieved in opposite conditions, and for striking a good balance between both objectives, the following conditions are suitable: 275–300 °C; 20–30 bar; 2.5–5 gcat h (molC)−1 and a H2/COx molar ratio in the feed of 3. CO2/CO molar ratio in the feed is of great importance. Ratios below 1/3 are suitable for enhancing DME production, whereas CO2/CO ratios above 1 improve the conversion of CO2. This conversion of CO2 in the overall process of DME synthesis is favored by the reverse water gas shift equation, since CO is more active than CO2 in the methanol synthesis reaction.
Ainara Ateka; Javier Ereña; Miguel Sánchez-Contador; Paula Perez-Uriarte; Javier Bilbao; Andrés T. Aguayo. Capability of the Direct Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Process for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 677 .
AMA StyleAinara Ateka, Javier Ereña, Miguel Sánchez-Contador, Paula Perez-Uriarte, Javier Bilbao, Andrés T. Aguayo. Capability of the Direct Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Process for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (5):677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAinara Ateka; Javier Ereña; Miguel Sánchez-Contador; Paula Perez-Uriarte; Javier Bilbao; Andrés T. Aguayo. 2018. "Capability of the Direct Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Process for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide." Applied Sciences 8, no. 5: 677.
The cracking of low density polyethylene (PE) and of polypropylene (PP) dissolved in LCO (light cycle oil, product of a commercial FCC unit) is studied in the 450-550 °C range, by using a reactor simulating a FCC riser. The reaction was carried out on catalysts prepared based on HZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratio The results are explained by the shape selectivity of the HZSM-5 zeolite and by the total acidity, which decreases as the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite is increased. A feed with polyolefin content higher than 5 wt% limits the conversion of LCO. The cracking on HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts of PE/LCO and PP/LCO blends produces a yield of C5-C12 fraction, which is highly aromatic and with a high content of styrene, and a low yield of C1 and C2 gases and of coke. A feed made up of polyolefins and LCO contributes to increasing the yield of light olefins, of which the concentration of ethylene increases with temperature. When compared to the coke selectivity of LCO cracking, a feed with PP contributes to increasing it, whereas PE decreases it.
José M. Arandes; Javier Ereña; Martin Olazar; Javier Bilbao; Gabriela De La Puente. Valorization of Polyolefin/LCO Blend over HZSM-5 Zeolites. ENERGYO 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleJosé M. Arandes, Javier Ereña, Martin Olazar, Javier Bilbao, Gabriela De La Puente. Valorization of Polyolefin/LCO Blend over HZSM-5 Zeolites. ENERGYO. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé M. Arandes; Javier Ereña; Martin Olazar; Javier Bilbao; Gabriela De La Puente. 2018. "Valorization of Polyolefin/LCO Blend over HZSM-5 Zeolites." ENERGYO , no. : 1.
Ainara Ateka; Javier Ereña; Paula Pérez-Uriarte; Andrés T. Aguayo; Javier Bilbao. Effect of the content of CO 2 and H 2 in the feed on the conversion of CO 2 in the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether over a CuO ZnO Al 2 O 3 /SAPO-18 catalyst. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2017, 42, 27130 -27138.
AMA StyleAinara Ateka, Javier Ereña, Paula Pérez-Uriarte, Andrés T. Aguayo, Javier Bilbao. Effect of the content of CO 2 and H 2 in the feed on the conversion of CO 2 in the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether over a CuO ZnO Al 2 O 3 /SAPO-18 catalyst. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2017; 42 (44):27130-27138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAinara Ateka; Javier Ereña; Paula Pérez-Uriarte; Andrés T. Aguayo; Javier Bilbao. 2017. "Effect of the content of CO 2 and H 2 in the feed on the conversion of CO 2 in the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether over a CuO ZnO Al 2 O 3 /SAPO-18 catalyst." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 44: 27130-27138.
Ainara Ateka; Irene Sierra; Javier Ereña; Javier Bilbao; Andrés T. Aguayo. Performance of CuO–ZnO–ZrO 2 and CuO–ZnO–MnO as metallic functions and SAPO-18 as acid function of the catalyst for the synthesis of DME co-feeding CO 2. Fuel Processing Technology 2016, 152, 34 -45.
AMA StyleAinara Ateka, Irene Sierra, Javier Ereña, Javier Bilbao, Andrés T. Aguayo. Performance of CuO–ZnO–ZrO 2 and CuO–ZnO–MnO as metallic functions and SAPO-18 as acid function of the catalyst for the synthesis of DME co-feeding CO 2. Fuel Processing Technology. 2016; 152 ():34-45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAinara Ateka; Irene Sierra; Javier Ereña; Javier Bilbao; Andrés T. Aguayo. 2016. "Performance of CuO–ZnO–ZrO 2 and CuO–ZnO–MnO as metallic functions and SAPO-18 as acid function of the catalyst for the synthesis of DME co-feeding CO 2." Fuel Processing Technology 152, no. : 34-45.
The study has focused on the regenerability of the CuO–ZnO–MnO/SAPO-18 (CZMn/S) bifunctional catalyst used in the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (STD process) from H2 + CO + CO2 feeds. The runs have been conducted in a fixed bed reactor under the following conditions: 250–300 °C; 10–40 bar; 1.25–10.18 gcat h mol C −1 ; time on stream, 5–30 h; CO2/CO molar ratio, 0–1; feeding H2 + CO + CO2 with a H2/COx molar ratio of 3. Coke deposition has been determined as the main deactivation cause, and both the measurement of the coke content and the identification of three types of coke have been carried out by means of temperature programmed oxidation analyses. Reaction-regeneration cycle runs have been carried out in a fixed bed isothermal reactor, concluding that it is possible to regenerate the bifunctional catalyst by the combustion of coke with air, at 300 °C (48 h). Under these conditions, the catalyst undergoes a slight Cu sintering in the first reaction-regeneration cycle but recovers completely the remaining activity in the successive cycles.
Ainara Ateka; Paula Pérez-Uriarte; Irene Sierra; Javier Ereña; Javier Bilbao; Andres Tomas Aguayo. Regenerability of the CuO–ZnO–MnO/SAPO-18 catalyst used in the synthesis of dimethyl ether in a single step. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis 2016, 119, 655 -670.
AMA StyleAinara Ateka, Paula Pérez-Uriarte, Irene Sierra, Javier Ereña, Javier Bilbao, Andres Tomas Aguayo. Regenerability of the CuO–ZnO–MnO/SAPO-18 catalyst used in the synthesis of dimethyl ether in a single step. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 2016; 119 (2):655-670.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAinara Ateka; Paula Pérez-Uriarte; Irene Sierra; Javier Ereña; Javier Bilbao; Andres Tomas Aguayo. 2016. "Regenerability of the CuO–ZnO–MnO/SAPO-18 catalyst used in the synthesis of dimethyl ether in a single step." Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis 119, no. 2: 655-670.
(H2+ CO) elikatuz eta CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3katalizatzailea erabiliz egindako dimetil eterraren sintesi zuzenean, garrantzitsua da koke deritzon karbonodun materiala ezartzearen ondorioz gertatzen den desaktibazioa. TPO analisien emaitzek eta erreakzio-produktuen denborarekiko bilakaerak erakusten dute kokeak CuO-ZnO funtzio metalikoa desaktibatzen duela. Koke hori metanolaren sintesi-erreakzioarekin paraleloan eratzen da, eta eragina dauka metanolaren sintesi-erreakzioan. Hidrokarburoak sortzen dituzten erreakzioek, aldiz, ez dute jasaten desaktibazioaren eragina.
Irene Sierra; Ainara Ateka; Javier Ereña. CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 katalizatzailearen desaktibazioa dimetil eterraren sintesian. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria 2015, 83 -94.
AMA StyleIrene Sierra, Ainara Ateka, Javier Ereña. CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 katalizatzailearen desaktibazioa dimetil eterraren sintesian. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria. 2015; (28):83-94.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Sierra; Ainara Ateka; Javier Ereña. 2015. "CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 katalizatzailearen desaktibazioa dimetil eterraren sintesian." EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria , no. 28: 83-94.
Jorge Vicente; Javier Ereña; Carolina Montero; Miren J. Azkoiti; Javier Bilbao; Ana G. Gayubo. Reaction pathway for ethanol steam reforming on a Ni/SiO 2 catalyst including coke formation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2014, 39, 18820 -18834.
AMA StyleJorge Vicente, Javier Ereña, Carolina Montero, Miren J. Azkoiti, Javier Bilbao, Ana G. Gayubo. Reaction pathway for ethanol steam reforming on a Ni/SiO 2 catalyst including coke formation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2014; 39 (33):18820-18834.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Vicente; Javier Ereña; Carolina Montero; Miren J. Azkoiti; Javier Bilbao; Ana G. Gayubo. 2014. "Reaction pathway for ethanol steam reforming on a Ni/SiO 2 catalyst including coke formation." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39, no. 33: 18820-18834.
Jorge Vicente; Javier Ereña; Lide Oar-Arteta; Martin Olazar; Javier Bilbao; Ana G. Gayubo. Effect of Operating Conditions on Dimethyl Ether Steam Reforming in a Fluidized Bed Reactor with a CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 and Desilicated ZSM-5 Zeolite Bifunctional Catalyst. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014, 53, 3462 -3471.
AMA StyleJorge Vicente, Javier Ereña, Lide Oar-Arteta, Martin Olazar, Javier Bilbao, Ana G. Gayubo. Effect of Operating Conditions on Dimethyl Ether Steam Reforming in a Fluidized Bed Reactor with a CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 and Desilicated ZSM-5 Zeolite Bifunctional Catalyst. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2014; 53 (9):3462-3471.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Vicente; Javier Ereña; Lide Oar-Arteta; Martin Olazar; Javier Bilbao; Ana G. Gayubo. 2014. "Effect of Operating Conditions on Dimethyl Ether Steam Reforming in a Fluidized Bed Reactor with a CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 and Desilicated ZSM-5 Zeolite Bifunctional Catalyst." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 9: 3462-3471.
This paper deals with the regeneration of a CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst used in the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether. When coke combustion (subsequent to aging treatment) is performed in a thermobalance, two coke fractions with different combustion kinetics are identified. One coke fraction, deposited on the metallic sites and whose combustion is activated by these sites, has a kinetic constant of combustion 7–26 times higher than that corresponding to the coke located at the Al2O3 support. Uninterrupted operation is feasible in reaction–regeneration cycles in a fixed bed reactor as long as the reaction and regeneration steps are carried out at 325 °C, which are limiting conditions in order to avoid irreversible deactivation by sintering of the metallic function. The regeneration with O2 diluted with He (5% of O2) allows the complete combustion of coke. Under conditions of partial coke combustion it is observed that the removal of the fraction deposited on the metal makes it possible to recover the initial activity of the catalyst, which subsequently undergoes fast deactivation.
Irene Sierra; Javier Ereña; Andrés T. Aguayo; José M. Arandes; Javier Bilbao. Regeneration of CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2010, 94, 108 -116.
AMA StyleIrene Sierra, Javier Ereña, Andrés T. Aguayo, José M. Arandes, Javier Bilbao. Regeneration of CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2010; 94 (1-2):108-116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Sierra; Javier Ereña; Andrés T. Aguayo; José M. Arandes; Javier Bilbao. 2010. "Regeneration of CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 94, no. 1-2: 108-116.
Bifunctional catalysts for the transformation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into gasoline have been prepared by conventional and novel processes and characterized by measurement of BET surface area and volume and distribution of pores, and by X‐ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and X‐ray fluorescence. The effects of the preparation conditions and of the atomic ratios between the metals on the structure and on the properties of the catalysts were studied. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Javier Ereña; José M Arandes; Raúl Garoña; Ana G Gayubo; Javier Bilbao. Study of the preparation and composition of the metallic function for the selective hydrogenation of CO2to gasoline over bifunctional catalysts. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 2003, 78, 161 -166.
AMA StyleJavier Ereña, José M Arandes, Raúl Garoña, Ana G Gayubo, Javier Bilbao. Study of the preparation and composition of the metallic function for the selective hydrogenation of CO2to gasoline over bifunctional catalysts. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 2003; 78 (2-3):161-166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Ereña; José M Arandes; Raúl Garoña; Ana G Gayubo; Javier Bilbao. 2003. "Study of the preparation and composition of the metallic function for the selective hydrogenation of CO2to gasoline over bifunctional catalysts." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 78, no. 2-3: 161-166.
The effect of the operating conditions (pressure, temperature, space time, CO/H2 ratio in the feed and time on stream) on the conversion of syngas into liquid hydrocarbons over a Cr2O3–ZnO/ZSM5 bifunctional catalyst has been studied by means of experimentation in an integral fixed bed reactor. On the basis of the results, the global stoichiometry of the process is established and the relative importance of the operating variables in order to reach a good compromise between catalyst activity and gasoline quality is analysed. © 1998 SCI
Javier Ereña; José M. Arandes; Javier Bilbao; Martin Olazar; Hugo I. De Lasa. Effect of the operating conditions on the conversion of syngas into liquid hydrocarbons over a Cr2O3-ZnO/ZSM5 bifunctional catalyst. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 1998, 72, 190 -196.
AMA StyleJavier Ereña, José M. Arandes, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar, Hugo I. De Lasa. Effect of the operating conditions on the conversion of syngas into liquid hydrocarbons over a Cr2O3-ZnO/ZSM5 bifunctional catalyst. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 1998; 72 (2):190-196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Ereña; José M. Arandes; Javier Bilbao; Martin Olazar; Hugo I. De Lasa. 1998. "Effect of the operating conditions on the conversion of syngas into liquid hydrocarbons over a Cr2O3-ZnO/ZSM5 bifunctional catalyst." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 72, no. 2: 190-196.
Javier Ereña; José M. Arandes; Javier Bilbao; Martin Olazar; Hugo I. De Lasa. Effect of the operating conditions on the conversion of syngas into liquid hydrocarbons over a Cr2O3–ZnO/ZSM5 bifunctional catalyst. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 1998, 72, 190 -196.
AMA StyleJavier Ereña, José M. Arandes, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar, Hugo I. De Lasa. Effect of the operating conditions on the conversion of syngas into liquid hydrocarbons over a Cr2O3–ZnO/ZSM5 bifunctional catalyst. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 1998; 72 (2):190-196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Ereña; José M. Arandes; Javier Bilbao; Martin Olazar; Hugo I. De Lasa. 1998. "Effect of the operating conditions on the conversion of syngas into liquid hydrocarbons over a Cr2O3–ZnO/ZSM5 bifunctional catalyst." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 72, no. 2: 190-196.