Environmental violation is an illegal act that harms the environment or endangers public health, offending federal, state or local laws. When the environmental violation is excessive or the violator is a repeat offender, it evolves into environmental crime. Environmental crime is a relatively new concept and is ever changing. To guarantee the safety and security of the public, environmental laws regulate all activities that have a negative effect on human health, harm a community or the environment. The citizens' exposure to pollution and/or to dangerous wastes is a major public health problem; therefore, public authorities must act as quickly as possible to identify such environmental issues. An early identification of environmental criticalities would reduce citizens' exposure risks and remediation costs. The most suitable solution to detecting environmental criticalities and preventing environmental crime is targeted and effective environmental monitoring. In this paper it will be shown how our integrated system, which includes aerial platforms and ad-hoc sensors (e.g. infrared cameras, multispectral sensors, etc.), can be an effective tool to ensure environmental and human safety and security. Our monitoring and measurement protocol has been developed to answer the needs of environmental enforcement. Thus the technique demonstrated here can ensure a wide coverage area, is cost effective, in terms both of time and money, and provides highly precise measurements with few false alarms. The proposed procedures, techniques and technologies were tested and validated in environmental police actions directed by Italian government bodies (Public Prosecutor, Environmental Protection Agency, Coast Guard, Financial Police, Forest Rangers etc.) in real, in the field operations

The Italian Aerospace Research Centre (CIRA) is developing an unmanned stratospheric platform for Earth observation and telecommunications, known as a High-Altitude Pseudo-Satellite (HAPS). This paper presents an aerodynamic and stability analysis of a new closed-wing HAPS configuration. The design uses a hybrid approach, combining aerodynamic and aerostatic forces to achieve weight balance, with the stability analysis accounting for the buoyancy force applied at the center of volume of the structure. Following the initial design phase, which aims for an altitude of 20 km, a speed of 16 m/s, and a payload capacity of 20 kg, a suitable configuration using a NACA 0018 airfoil is selected. The aircraft lift–drag curve is evaluated using a stationary, incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) analysis with a k-$\omega$ SST turbulence model in OpenFoam. A detailed longitudinal and lateral-directional stability analysis is also conducted using OpenFOam and AVL software.

The interest in high-altitude pseudo-satellites (HAPSs) has significantly increased in recent years due to the great versatility of these platforms, which allows them to be employed in a wide variety of applications in civilian and military fields. This study focuses on the design of an innovative hybrid airship vertical tail. The empennage proposed is internally sustained with a light-weight structure and coated with a thin film, avoiding any leakage that would occur with inflated structural elements. The design of the vertical tail and its structural analysis through a detailed finite element (FE) model are presented to show its overall behavior subjected to the aerodynamic loads.