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Dr. Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo
National University of Singapore, Singapore

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0 Environmental Psychology
0 Landscape Architecture
0 Mental Health
0 Nature
0 Neuroscience

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Journal article
Published: 06 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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(1) Background: Prolonged lockdowns with stay-at-home orders have been introduced in many countries since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. They have caused a drastic change in the everyday lives of people living in urbanized areas, and are considered to contribute to a modified perception of the public space. As research related to the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on mental health and well-being emerges, the associated longitudinal changes of brain hemodynamics in healthy adults remain largely unknown. (2) Methods: this study examined the hemodynamic activation patterns of the prefrontal and occipital cortices of 12 participants (5 male, Mage = 47.80, SDage = 17.79, range 25 to 74, and 7 female, Mage = 39.00, SDage = 18.18, range 21 to 65) passively viewing videos from three urban sites in Singapore (Urban Park, Neighborhood Landscape and City Center) at two different time points—T1, before the COVID-19 pandemic and T2, soon after the lockdown was over. (3) Results: We observed a significant and marginally significant decrease in average oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) over time for each of the visual conditions. For both green spaces (Urban Park and Neighborhood Landscape), the decrease was in the visual cortex, while for the City Center with no green elements, the marginal decrease was observed in the visual cortex and the frontal eye fields. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that the COVID-19-related lockdown experienced by urban inhabitants may have contributed to decreased brain hemodynamics, which are further related to a heightened risk of mental health disorders, such as depression or a decline in cognitive functions. Moreover, the busy City Center scenes induced a hemodynamic pattern associated with stress and anxiety, while urban green spaces did not cause such an effect. Urban green scenes can be an important factor to offset the negative neuropsychological impact of busy urban environments post-pandemic.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Ayako Mukoyama; Sho Naganawa; Ippeita Dan; Syeda Husain; Cyrus Ho; Roger Ho. Hemodynamic Response to Three Types of Urban Spaces before and after Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6118 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo, Ayako Mukoyama, Sho Naganawa, Ippeita Dan, Syeda Husain, Cyrus Ho, Roger Ho. Hemodynamic Response to Three Types of Urban Spaces before and after Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):6118.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Ayako Mukoyama; Sho Naganawa; Ippeita Dan; Syeda Husain; Cyrus Ho; Roger Ho. 2021. "Hemodynamic Response to Three Types of Urban Spaces before and after Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 6118.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2021 in Journal of Environmental Psychology
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The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe negative effects on populations worldwide. The seriousness of the pandemic necessitated local and even national lockdowns. In Singapore a national lockdown with aStay-at-Home Order (SHO) lasted for over 7 weeks. The impact of the pandemic and of the long SHO period on neuropsychophysiological functioning remains unknown. Studies prior to the pandemic highlighted the beneficial role of nature exposure on mental health and well-being, although this has not yet been explored in the post-pandemic world. This is the first study to investigate the longitudinal changes in (1) brain frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA; neuroelectric marker of approach-related motivation), (2) depressive mood and (3) symptoms, and (4) emotional response to videos of various urban spaces from before COVID-19 to immediately after the SHO in Singapore was over. Finally, we examined whether higher vs lower exposure to nature during the SHO moderated changes over time. The sample included 25 healthy adult Singaporeans (56% female, Mage = 40.4 y, SD = 17.8), who attended two electroencephalography (EEG) lab sessions, within a year before the COVID-19 pandemic (T1) and immediately following the SHO (T2). The participants viewed 9 fixed-frame videos, filmed before the pandemic, from 3 urban public spaces (Busy Downtown, Residential Green, Lush Garden) on the roll-up screen. They rated their emotional response (arousal, valence) after each video and completed Becks Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) as a measure of depressive symptoms, Profile of Mood Scale (POMS), as a measure of momentary mood, and self-reported the frequency and duration of their nature visits during the SHO. Linear mixed models were fitted to examine changes over time, and effect moderation by amount of nature exposure during the SHO. The results showed decrease in FAA (p < 0.001), increase in depressive symptoms (p = 0.046), and a trend for marginal increase in momentary mood disturbance (p = 0.097) after the SHO. Importantly, people with high nature exposure during SHO had greater decrease in FAA over time (p = 0.005) than those with low nature exposure, FAA scores decreased the most for Residential Green. Valence and Arousal did not change over time, but Arousal towards Busy Downtown decreased among high nature exposure individuals (p = 0.002). Post SHO, brain activity and responsiveness to landscapes changed, and showed a general reduction in positive emotions and increased depressive symptoms among participants. The higher nature exposure during the SHO did not help mitigate this depressive symptoms, as previous research would suggest. This can be due to the modified quality of nature exposure during lockdown, which highlights the importance of high quality nature experience in cities and the provision of diversified visual exposures. Potential neuropsychophysiological consequences of SHO should be considered by policy makers in the post-COVID-19 world.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Anna Fogel; Nicolas Escoffier; Roger Ho. Effects of COVID-19-related stay-at-home order on neuropsychophysiological response to urban spaces: Beneficial role of exposure to nature? Journal of Environmental Psychology 2021, 75, 101590 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo, Anna Fogel, Nicolas Escoffier, Roger Ho. Effects of COVID-19-related stay-at-home order on neuropsychophysiological response to urban spaces: Beneficial role of exposure to nature? Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2021; 75 ():101590.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Anna Fogel; Nicolas Escoffier; Roger Ho. 2021. "Effects of COVID-19-related stay-at-home order on neuropsychophysiological response to urban spaces: Beneficial role of exposure to nature?" Journal of Environmental Psychology 75, no. : 101590.

Chapter
Published: 19 February 2021 in Advancing Health and Wellbeing in the Changing Urban Environment
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Urbanization and the recent COVID-19 pandemic highlight the pressing issue of mental health in the urbanized world. It is vital to recognize urban green spaces as a medium to improve mental health and wellbeing for city residents to create healthy cities through mentally healthy living environments.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. Neuroscience-Based Urban Design for Mentally Healthy Cities. Advancing Health and Wellbeing in the Changing Urban Environment 2021, 13 -16.

AMA Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. Neuroscience-Based Urban Design for Mentally Healthy Cities. Advancing Health and Wellbeing in the Changing Urban Environment. 2021; ():13-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. 2021. "Neuroscience-Based Urban Design for Mentally Healthy Cities." Advancing Health and Wellbeing in the Changing Urban Environment , no. : 13-16.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: There is little understanding on how brief relaxation practice and viewing greenery images would affect brain responses during cognitive tasks. In the present study, we examined the variation in brain activation of the prefrontal cortex during arithmetic tasks before and after viewing greenery images, brief relaxation practice, and control task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Method: This randomized controlled study examined the activation patterns of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in three groups of research participants who were exposed to viewing greenery images (n = 10), brief relaxation practice (n = 10), and control task (n = 11). The activation pattern of the PFC was measured pre- and post-intervention using a portable fNIRS device and reported as mean total oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO μm). Primary outcome of the study is the difference in HbO μm between post- and pre-intervention readings during a cognitive task that required the research participants to perform arithmetic calculation. Results: In terms of intervention-related differences, there was significant difference in average HbO μm when performing arithmetic tasks before and after brief relaxation practice (p < 0.05). There were significant increases in average HbO μm in the right frontopolar cortex (p = 0.029), the left frontopolar cortex (p = 0.01), and the left orbitofrontal cortex (p = 0.033) during arithmetic tasks after brief relaxation practice. In contrast, there were no significant differences in average HbO μm when performing arithmetic tasks before and after viewing greenery images (p > 0.05) and the control task (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our preliminary findings show that brief relaxation practice but not viewing greenery images led to significant frontal lobe activation during arithmetic tasks. The present study demonstrated, for the first time, that there was an increase in activation in neuroanatomical areas including the combined effort of allocation of attentional resources, exploration, and memory performance after the brief relaxation practice. Our findings suggest the possibility that the right frontopolar cortex, the left frontopolar cortex, and the left orbitofrontal cortex may be specifically associated with the benefits of brief relaxation on the brain.

ACS Style

Zhisong Zhang; Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Syeda Fabeha Husain; Jessica Bose; Jongkwan Choi; Wanqiu Tan; Jiayun Wang; Bach Xuan Tran; Bokun Wang; Yajie Jin; Wei Xuan; Pinjia Yan; Maomao Li; Cyrus S. H. Ho; Roger Ho. Brief Relaxation Practice Induces Significantly More Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Arithmetic Tasks Comparing to Viewing Greenery Images as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8366 .

AMA Style

Zhisong Zhang, Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo, Syeda Fabeha Husain, Jessica Bose, Jongkwan Choi, Wanqiu Tan, Jiayun Wang, Bach Xuan Tran, Bokun Wang, Yajie Jin, Wei Xuan, Pinjia Yan, Maomao Li, Cyrus S. H. Ho, Roger Ho. Brief Relaxation Practice Induces Significantly More Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Arithmetic Tasks Comparing to Viewing Greenery Images as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (22):8366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhisong Zhang; Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Syeda Fabeha Husain; Jessica Bose; Jongkwan Choi; Wanqiu Tan; Jiayun Wang; Bach Xuan Tran; Bokun Wang; Yajie Jin; Wei Xuan; Pinjia Yan; Maomao Li; Cyrus S. H. Ho; Roger Ho. 2020. "Brief Relaxation Practice Induces Significantly More Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Arithmetic Tasks Comparing to Viewing Greenery Images as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22: 8366.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2020 in Remote Sensing
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In the face of rapid urbanization and the growing burden of mental health disease, there is a need to design cities with consideration for human mental health and well-being. There is an emerging body of evidence on the importance of everyday environmental exposures regarding the mental health of city inhabitants. For example, contemplative landscapes, through a series of neuroscience experiments, were shown to trigger improved mood and restoration of attention. While the Contemplative Landscape Model (CLM) for scoring landscape views was applied to single images, its suitability was never tested for walking paths and areas with a diversity of viewpoints. This study aims to fill this gap using the high-density downtown of Singapore, also known as a “City in a Garden” for its advanced urban greening strategies, as a case study. In this study, 68 360° photos were taken along four popular walking paths every 20 m. A photo set of 204 items was created by extracting three view angles from each photo. Each of them was independently scored by three experts and average CLM scores for each view and path were obtained. The results were then fed into an open-source Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) for visualization. Cohen’s kappa agreement between experts’ scores was computed. The outcomes were mapped to facilitate the identification of the most contemplative viewpoints and paths. Moreover, specific contemplative landscape patterns have been distinguished and assessed allowing the recommendation of design strategies to improve the quality of viewpoints and paths. The inter-rater agreement reached substantial to perfect values. CLM is a reliable and suitable tool that enables the fine-grained assessment and improvement of the visual quality of the urban living environments with consideration of the mental health and well-being of urbanites. It can be used at a larger scale owing to 360° photos taken from the pedestrian’s point of view. Utilizing spatially explicit maps in QGIS platforms enables a wider range of visualizations and allows for spatial patterns to be revealed that otherwise would have remained hidden. Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of our semi-automated method. Furthermore, given the high inter-rater agreement observed, we suggest that there is potential in developing fully automated methods.

ACS Style

Hou Yanru; Mahyar Masoudi; Agnieszka Chadala; Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. Visual Quality Assessment of Urban Scenes with the Contemplative Landscape Model: Evidence from a Compact City Downtown Core. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3517 .

AMA Style

Hou Yanru, Mahyar Masoudi, Agnieszka Chadala, Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. Visual Quality Assessment of Urban Scenes with the Contemplative Landscape Model: Evidence from a Compact City Downtown Core. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (21):3517.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hou Yanru; Mahyar Masoudi; Agnieszka Chadala; Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. 2020. "Visual Quality Assessment of Urban Scenes with the Contemplative Landscape Model: Evidence from a Compact City Downtown Core." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21: 3517.

Communication
Published: 07 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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A growing body of evidence from observational and experimental studies shows the associations between exposure to urban green spaces (UGSs) and mental health outcomes. Little is known about which specific features of UGS that might be the most beneficial. In addition, there is potential in utilizing objective physiological markers of mental health, such as assessing brain activity, but the subject requires further investigation. This paper presents the preliminary findings from an on-going within-subject experiment where adult participants (n = 22; 13 females) were passively exposed to six landscape scenes within two UGSs (a park and a neighborhood green space) and three scenes of a busy urban downtown (control site). The landscape scenes were pre-selected based on their contemplative landscape score (CLS) to represent different levels of aggregation of contemplative features within each view. Participants went to each of the sites in a random order to passively view the scenes, while their electroencephalography (EEG) signal was being recorded concurrently. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) values, commonly associated with the approach-related motivation and positive emotions, were extracted. The preliminary results show trends for the main effect of site on FAA, suggestive of stronger FAA in park compared to the control site, akin to more positive mood. There was also a trend for the interaction between the site and scene, which suggests that even within the individual sites, there is variability depending on the specific scene. Adjusting for environmental covariate strengthened these effects, these interim findings are promising in supporting the study hypothesis and suggest that exposure to urban green spaces may be linked to mental health outcomes.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Angelia Sia; Anna Fogel; Roger Ho. Can Exposure to Certain Urban Green Spaces Trigger Frontal Alpha Asymmetry in the Brain?—Preliminary Findings from a Passive Task EEG Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 394 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo, Angelia Sia, Anna Fogel, Roger Ho. Can Exposure to Certain Urban Green Spaces Trigger Frontal Alpha Asymmetry in the Brain?—Preliminary Findings from a Passive Task EEG Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):394.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Angelia Sia; Anna Fogel; Roger Ho. 2020. "Can Exposure to Certain Urban Green Spaces Trigger Frontal Alpha Asymmetry in the Brain?—Preliminary Findings from a Passive Task EEG Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 394.

Essay
Published: 15 November 2019 in Sustainability
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The main objective of this essay is to illustrate the state-of-the-art on ‘mental health-sensitive’ open space design in the built environment. Urban Green Blue Infrastructure can contribute to urbanites’ mental health and wellbeing as well as healthy aging, while providing co-benefits balancing the negative impacts of climate change, through the provision of integrated ecosystem services. There are a number of ways that exposure to and affiliation with Nature have shown to support mental health, but we are still missing the necessary evidence of the actual benefits achieved, as well as the key performance indicators and metrics to monitor and adapt our open space to the growing urban challenges. After introducing the key concepts of degenerative mental disorders as they are growing in the urban environment, and the emerging green blue infrastructure design approach, the authors present international case studies describing how evidence-based design and Nature-based Solutions have been found to be beneficial, especially to those diagnosed with mental disorders. Subsequently, in a comparative critical analysis, the authors look closer at a number of design solutions capable, at different scales, to support healthy aging through exposure to, and affiliation with, biodiversity.

ACS Style

Maria Beatrice Andreucci; Alessio Russo; Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. Designing Urban Green Blue Infrastructure for Mental Health and Elderly Wellbeing. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6425 .

AMA Style

Maria Beatrice Andreucci, Alessio Russo, Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. Designing Urban Green Blue Infrastructure for Mental Health and Elderly Wellbeing. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6425.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Beatrice Andreucci; Alessio Russo; Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. 2019. "Designing Urban Green Blue Infrastructure for Mental Health and Elderly Wellbeing." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6425.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2019 in Journal of Urban Planning and Development
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ACS Style

Yun Hye Hwang; Puay Yok Tan; Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. A Transdisciplinary Approach for the Validation of Neighborhood Landscape Design Guidelines. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 2019, 145, 04019008 .

AMA Style

Yun Hye Hwang, Puay Yok Tan, Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. A Transdisciplinary Approach for the Validation of Neighborhood Landscape Design Guidelines. Journal of Urban Planning and Development. 2019; 145 (3):04019008.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yun Hye Hwang; Puay Yok Tan; Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. 2019. "A Transdisciplinary Approach for the Validation of Neighborhood Landscape Design Guidelines." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 145, no. 3: 04019008.

Journal article
Published: 25 October 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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With the growing interest among researchers, practitioners, and urban decision makers in the influence of the built environment on peoples’ health, there is increasing emphasis on using scientific knowledge to inform urban design, including methods of neuroscience. As window views are the most immediate medium of visual connection with one’s neighbourhood, we surmised that the quality of this view would have an impact on the mental health and well-being of urban dwellers. Accordingly, we investigated how window views taken from different floors of a high-rise block with varying extents of green cover affected 29 healthy residents in an exploratory electroencephalography (EEG) experiment. The results showed that the amount of green cover within the view captured at different floor levels can cause an important interaction effect on the frontal alpha and temporal beta brain oscillations while participants view photographs. These results suggest that the brainwave patterns commonly associated with positive emotional states, motivation, and visual attention mechanisms may be increased by the extent of green cover within the view. This phenomenon seems more pronounced on the higher than lower floors. The observed findings at this stage cannot confirm major effects between floor level, green cover, and brainwaves, however, they emphasize the importance of considering the quality of window views in the planning and design of urban high-rise neighbourhoods. Having a green window view can potentially contribute to the mental health and well-being of urban dwellers.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Nicolas Escoffier; Jane Chan; Tan Puay Yok. Window View and the Brain: Effects of Floor Level and Green Cover on the Alpha and Beta Rhythms in a Passive Exposure EEG Experiment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2358 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo, Nicolas Escoffier, Jane Chan, Tan Puay Yok. Window View and the Brain: Effects of Floor Level and Green Cover on the Alpha and Beta Rhythms in a Passive Exposure EEG Experiment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (11):2358.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Nicolas Escoffier; Jane Chan; Tan Puay Yok. 2018. "Window View and the Brain: Effects of Floor Level and Green Cover on the Alpha and Beta Rhythms in a Passive Exposure EEG Experiment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11: 2358.

Journal article
Published: 19 September 2018 in Environment and Social Psychology
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This review aims to show the current state of the knowledge in the area of the visual quality of landscapes in urbanized areas and their influence on people’s mental health and well-being. This falls under the passive recreation and passive exposure to the environmental stimuli present in our cities (such as walking in nature, quiet contemplation) as opposed to active interactions with the landscapes such as horticulture therapy, meditation, etc. Passive exposure to natural or built environments can shape our mental health patterns throughout the life cycle.Although we know that the quantity of green spaces in the cities can improve the well-being of city inhabitants and contact with natural environments can alleviate various psychological disorders, it is also likely that the quality of green spaces, including seemingly irrelevant landscape design nuances, can play a more important role for our mental health.Currently, one can observe a strong demand from policy makers for generating scientific evidence-based knowledge to provide recommendations for urban design and the maintenance of green spaces. The Contemplative Landscape Model (CLM) is an operationalised construct which includes aesthetic, environmental and mental health values of landscapes, and could serve as a useful tool to assist in the current need for knowledge. However, more research with an emphasis on causal relationships is needed.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. Contemplative Landscapes: Towards Healthier Built Environments. Environment and Social Psychology 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. Contemplative Landscapes: Towards Healthier Built Environments. Environment and Social Psychology. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. 2018. "Contemplative Landscapes: Towards Healthier Built Environments." Environment and Social Psychology , no. : 1.

Brief research report article
Published: 30 July 2018 in Frontiers in Psychiatry
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Background: Studies on Contemplative Landscapes (CL) show that not only do they have high ecological and visual values and are preferred by a majority of people, but they also can be beneficial to our mental health and well-being. Physical attributes of CL have been studied and operationalized, which has led to the development of the psychometric measurement tool called the Contemplative Landscape Questionnaire (CLQ) (1). Objectives: In the present study, we applied an experimental approach to the analysis of CL. We hypothesized that, when compared to Non-Contemplative Landscapes (NCL), they would induce higher frontal alpha power asymmetry, higher temporal beta power asymmetry and lower bilateral frontal beta power. Methods: Thirty-two healthy individuals (12 female) took part in the study. During the experimental protocol, participants were asked to passively view 12 landscapes, six CL and six NCL, while continuous EEG was recorded in a within-subjects design. Results: We found significantly increased power in the beta frequency band of the right temporal brain regions in the viewings of CL compared to NCL Conclusions: The findings suggest that Contemplative Landscapes capture more visual, stimuli-driven attention from the viewers and can be linked with switching attention systems (described in Attention Restoration Theory), which is compatible with a stress reduction mechanism.

ACS Style

Agnieszka A. Olszewska-Guizzo; Tiago Paiva; Fernando Barbosa. Effects of 3D Contemplative Landscape Videos on Brain Activity in a Passive Exposure EEG Experiment. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2018, 9, 317 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka A. Olszewska-Guizzo, Tiago Paiva, Fernando Barbosa. Effects of 3D Contemplative Landscape Videos on Brain Activity in a Passive Exposure EEG Experiment. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2018; 9 ():317.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka A. Olszewska-Guizzo; Tiago Paiva; Fernando Barbosa. 2018. "Effects of 3D Contemplative Landscape Videos on Brain Activity in a Passive Exposure EEG Experiment." Frontiers in Psychiatry 9, no. : 317.

Book chapter
Published: 22 April 2018 in Nature, Place & People
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The following sections are included:

ACS Style

Yun Hye Hwang; Jane Chan; Agnieszka O. Guizzo; Puay Yok Tan. Neighbourhood Landscapes. Nature, Place & People 2018, 24 -57.

AMA Style

Yun Hye Hwang, Jane Chan, Agnieszka O. Guizzo, Puay Yok Tan. Neighbourhood Landscapes. Nature, Place & People. 2018; ():24-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yun Hye Hwang; Jane Chan; Agnieszka O. Guizzo; Puay Yok Tan. 2018. "Neighbourhood Landscapes." Nature, Place & People , no. : 24-57.

Book chapter
Published: 22 April 2018 in Nature, Place & People
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The following sections are included:

ACS Style

Yun Hye Hwang; Kuei-Hsien Liao; Agnieszka O. Guizzo. Neighbourhood Landscape Development Process and Design Approaches. Nature, Place & People 2018, 80 -93.

AMA Style

Yun Hye Hwang, Kuei-Hsien Liao, Agnieszka O. Guizzo. Neighbourhood Landscape Development Process and Design Approaches. Nature, Place & People. 2018; ():80-93.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yun Hye Hwang; Kuei-Hsien Liao; Agnieszka O. Guizzo. 2018. "Neighbourhood Landscape Development Process and Design Approaches." Nature, Place & People , no. : 80-93.

Book chapter
Published: 22 April 2018 in Nature, Place & People
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The following sections are included:

ACS Style

Puay Yok Tan; Kuei-Hsien Liao; Yun Hye Hwang; Vincent Chua; Agnieszka O. Guizzo; Jane Chan. Designing Neighbourhood Landscapes with Landscape Services. Nature, Place & People 2018, 94 -203.

AMA Style

Puay Yok Tan, Kuei-Hsien Liao, Yun Hye Hwang, Vincent Chua, Agnieszka O. Guizzo, Jane Chan. Designing Neighbourhood Landscapes with Landscape Services. Nature, Place & People. 2018; ():94-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Puay Yok Tan; Kuei-Hsien Liao; Yun Hye Hwang; Vincent Chua; Agnieszka O. Guizzo; Jane Chan. 2018. "Designing Neighbourhood Landscapes with Landscape Services." Nature, Place & People , no. : 94-203.

Conference paper
Published: 08 August 2016 in 2016 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED)
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This paper presents an interdisciplinary study joining insights of landscape architecture and computer vision. In this work we used a dataset of contemplative landscape images that was collected and evaluated by experts in landscape architecture. We used the dataset to develop nine k-means clustering and one K-nearest neighbors models that are able to score landscape images based on seven different landscape image features (layers, landform, vegetation, color and light, compatibility, archetypal elements, character of peace and silence) that were identified as contributing to the overall contemplativeness of a landscape. Finally, we chose the combination of models that would produce the best combined contemplativeness score and created CLASS a scoring system that can evaluate the contemplativeness of landscape images with scores similar to those of experts.

ACS Style

Lukas Navickas; Agnieszka Olszewska; Theofrastos Mantadelis. CLASS: Contemplative landscape automated scoring system. 2016 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED) 2016, 1180 -1185.

AMA Style

Lukas Navickas, Agnieszka Olszewska, Theofrastos Mantadelis. CLASS: Contemplative landscape automated scoring system. 2016 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). 2016; ():1180-1185.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lukas Navickas; Agnieszka Olszewska; Theofrastos Mantadelis. 2016. "CLASS: Contemplative landscape automated scoring system." 2016 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED) , no. : 1180-1185.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2016 in Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science
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For centuries, landscape architects, architects, and urban planners have been designing outdoor green spaces for one to contemplate. In today’s urban realm, we can understand a contemplative space more specifically as one joining esthetic and environmental values with mental health benefits for its visitors. So far, the concept of contemplativeness of a space has not been operationalized and a definitive list of design principles of such a space has not been developed. In response to this gap of knowledge, we have identified a set of features that may be used in order to design and create a space of contemplation within seven categories: Landscape Layers, Landform, Vegetation, Light and Color, Compatibility, Archetypal Elements, and a Character of Peace and Silence. The developed framework is based on development and analysis of a Contemplative Landscape Questionnaire. This instrument was developed based on literature review and Delphi expert evaluation of multiple landscapes. The statistical tests on the Contemplative Landscape Questionnaire revealed satisfactory reliability and validity measures, which provided evidence-based support for the efficacy of designed spaces. This approach could enhance the practice of landscape architects and urban designers by reinforcing intuition-based designs with scientific evidence. The developed framework can also serve to identify contemplative spaces for subsequent research purposes.

ACS Style

Agnieszka A Olszewska; Paulo F Marques; Robert L Ryan; Fernando Barbosa. What makes a landscape contemplative? Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 2016, 45, 7 -25.

AMA Style

Agnieszka A Olszewska, Paulo F Marques, Robert L Ryan, Fernando Barbosa. What makes a landscape contemplative? Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. 2016; 45 (1):7-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka A Olszewska; Paulo F Marques; Robert L Ryan; Fernando Barbosa. 2016. "What makes a landscape contemplative?" Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, no. 1: 7-25.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2016 in Space&FORM
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ACS Style

Agnieszka Anna Olszewska; Jakub S. Bil; Faculty of Science; Department of Geosciences; Environment And Spatial Planning; Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Kraków University; Faculty Architecture and Fine Arts. THERAPEUTIC GARDEN DESIGN FOR PATIENTS WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. Space&FORM 2016, 25, 259 -270.

AMA Style

Agnieszka Anna Olszewska, Jakub S. Bil, Faculty of Science, Department of Geosciences, Environment And Spatial Planning, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Kraków University; Faculty Architecture and Fine Arts. THERAPEUTIC GARDEN DESIGN FOR PATIENTS WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. Space&FORM. 2016; 25 (1):259-270.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Anna Olszewska; Jakub S. Bil; Faculty of Science; Department of Geosciences; Environment And Spatial Planning; Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Kraków University; Faculty Architecture and Fine Arts. 2016. "THERAPEUTIC GARDEN DESIGN FOR PATIENTS WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES." Space&FORM 25, no. 1: 259-270.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in CITYGREEN
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ACS Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Paulo Farinha Marques; Fernando Barbosa. Enhancing Urban Landscape with Neuroscience Tools: Lessons from the Human Brain. CITYGREEN 2015, 1, 60 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo, Paulo Farinha Marques, Fernando Barbosa. Enhancing Urban Landscape with Neuroscience Tools: Lessons from the Human Brain. CITYGREEN. 2015; 1 (11):60.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo; Paulo Farinha Marques; Fernando Barbosa. 2015. "Enhancing Urban Landscape with Neuroscience Tools: Lessons from the Human Brain." CITYGREEN 1, no. 11: 60.