Background: Social support may be important in the management of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between social support, medication adherence, and glycemic control in Northwestern China.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out in the department of endocrinology in three teaching hospitals between February 2023 and April 2025. The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to assess social support. The Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) was used to assess adherence to antidiabetic medications. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with medication nonadherence and poor glycemic control. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to assess the performance of the logistic regression model in predicting medication nonadherence.Results: A total of 522 inpatients finished the questionnaires, 323 (61.9%) inpatients were nonadherent to antidiabetic medications and the prevalence rate of poor glycemic control was estimated to be 82.6%. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, inpatients who had received low levels of social support had 2.48 times (95% CI = 1.419–4.322) greater odds of nonadherence to antidiabetic medications than those received high levels of social support, while inpatients who were underweight had 2.78 times (95% CI = 1.054–7.330) greater odds of nonadherence to antidiabetic medications than those with normal BMI. We found that comorbid with hyperlipidemia and combination of oral and injectable antidiabetic medications use were negatively associated with nonadherence to antidiabetic medications. Inpatients prescribed injectable antidiabetic medications were positive associated with poor glycemic control, while older inpatients and the presence of drug-related side effects were negative associated with poor glycemic control.Conclusion: The relatively low adherence and poor glycemic control among inpatients with T2DM in northwestern China highlighted the urgent need for effective strategies to improve adult diabetes management. Pharmacists should play an important role in strengthening social support to improve adult diabetes self-management.

Introduction: Traditional Chinese medicine Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) possesses properties that soothe the liver and dispel wind. Its constituents exhibit numerous pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective effects, analgesic properties for headache relief, memory enhancement, and others. Borneol enhances drug absorption by traversing the blood-brain barrier, thereby improving its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The research aimed to design innovative drug molecules and contribute to the beneficial exploration of compound Chinese medicine modernization.Methods: This study employed the strategy of “compound Chinese medicine molecular chemistry” to integrate and fuse the effective substances of compound Chinese medicines. An excitotoxic injury model was established by exposing PC12 cells to glutamate. Cell viability was quantitatively evaluated utilizing a colorimetric assay with the CCK-8 reagent kit. Genecards, Disgenet, and OMIM databases were used to identify potential disease-related targets. Molecular docking methods were performed to predict the binding interactions between compounds and core targets.Results: We designed and synthesized compounds TB-1 to TB-16. Following the evaluation of their safety, TB-1, TB-2, TB-12, and TB-16 were selected for further investigation of their neuroprotective properties. The compound designed in this study exhibits a dose-dependent protective effect on glutamate-damaged PC12 cells. Further network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses indicate that TB-2 possesses a potential therapeutic effect against cerebral ischemia, and its possible targets were SRC, MAPK1 and KDR.Discussion: The results indicated that TB-2 displayed a significant neuroprotective effect against Glu-induced injury in PC12 cells, suggesting potential therapeutic implications for cerebral ischemia.

Background: Improving adherence to inhaled medication is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes and effective disease management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This study aimed to investigate adherence to inhaled medication and its association with medication beliefs among COPD patients in Xi’an, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 448 COPD inpatients recruited from two large tertiary hospitals in Xi’an, China, between May 1, 2024, and January 31, 2026. The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire Specific (BMQ-Specific) was used to assess inpatients’ beliefs about inhalers, and the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) was employed to evaluate adherence to inhaled medication. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between independent variables and medication non-adherence. Three sensitivity analyses were conducted in this study to confirm the model’s reliability. Model discrimination was assessed using ROC analysis, and internal validation was performed using 1,000 bootstrap resamples. Results: A total of 266 (59.4%) inpatients were non-adherent to inhaled medication. Overall, 243 (54.2%) inpatients expressed strong necessity beliefs about inhaled medication, while 203 (45.3%) held strong concern beliefs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that inpatient who expressed weaker necessity beliefs about inhaled medication had 4.79-fold odds (95% CI = 3.044–7.520; p < 0.001) of non-adherence compared with those who expressed stronger necessity beliefs. Inpatient who received dual therapy with LABA-ICS had 2.00-fold odds (95% CI = 1.027–3.900; p = 0.042) of non-adherence compared with those who received triple therapy with LAMA-LABA-ICS, whereas inpatient who was unemployed or retired was more likely to be adherent to inhaled medication (adjusted OR 0.534 [0.320, 0.889]; p = 0.016) than those in physical labor occupations. The association between necessity beliefs and medication adherence remained statistically significant upon validation in three sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: The relatively low adherence to inhaled medication among inpatients with COPD in Northwestern China highlights the urgent need for effective strategies to improve adherence. These findings suggest a potential clinical implication wherein pharmacists and nurses could play a supportive role in promoting medication adherence among patients with COPD.