Ultrasound is considered a physical technology that can be applied at various stages of food processing to optimise resources and reduce production time. In this study, the influence of ultrasonic treatments at different power levels (0 W, 100 W, 200 W, and 300 W) on three Isaño genotypes (yellow, yellow with purple eyes, and purple) during alcoholic fermentation was investigated. The main parameters assessed were yeast growth kinetics, ethanol production, and substrate consumption in an ultrasonic bath operating at a frequency of 50 kHz. The findings demonstrated enhanced yeast growth, accelerated substrate consumption, and increased ethanol production compared to the control (untreated sample). However, the impact of ultrasound on fermentation decreased as the power level increased. Notably, an ultrasonic power of 100 W applied over 84 h of fermentation resulted in the highest ethanol yield (10.36% v/v) in the purple Isaño genotype. In conclusion, ultrasonic treatment is a promising approach to improve the fermentation process of Isaño, potentially enabling its development as a functional beverage with both nutritional and therapeutic properties.

Black mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), also known as purple mashua, is an Andean plant with high nutritional and medicinal value. It has traditionally been used to treat prostate conditions. This study examined how the agroecological origin (Puno and Junín) and processing methods (extrusion and drum drying) affected the physicochemical, bioactive, and technofunctional properties of instant black mashua flour. Both factors were found to significantly influence the content of bioactive compounds and technofunctional behaviour of the flour. Although extrusion increased the content of total phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and total glucosinolates, it decreased the levels of vitamin C and anthocyanins, likely due to their thermal sensitivity. From a technological perspective, extrusion also resulted in higher bulk density, water absorption capacity, and swelling power. In contrast, drum drying produced higher water solubility and gelatinisation index values. Samples from Puno generally exhibited higher glucosinolate contents than those from Junín, while extrusion proved more effective in enhancing glucosinolate retention and improving functional properties. These findings suggest that the processing method should be chosen based on the specific bioactive compounds and technological functionalities that are prioritised in each agroecological zone.