The complexity of a System of Systems makes resilience one of its key attributes. Numerous studies have focused on the quantitative assessment of resilience by trailing indicators, yet discussions on resilience assurance through monitoring leading indicators remain scarce. Resilience assurance in SoS faces two major challenges: lack of structured argumentation work related to resilience and conflicts among multiple independent stakeholders. This paper first introduces a resilience argumentation approach based on STAMP (Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes), then employs cooperative consensus process model to seek consensus on resilience assurance. Finally, under the requirements of the international standard IEC 62853 for open systems dependability, a consensus based resilience assurance framework is proposed. Two SoS case studies, Microgrid and Mobility as a Service, are used to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach.

The system of systems (SoS) is essential for integrating independent systems to meet increasing service demands. However, its growing complexity leads to disruptions that are difficult to predict and mitigate, making resilience analysis a critical aspect of SoS development. Resilience reflects an SoS’s ability to absorb and adapt to disruptions, yet its quantitative assessment remains challenging due to diverse stakeholders. To address this, we propose a model-based approach leveraging ArchiMate for SoS visualization and quantitative modeling, combined with a resilience indicator derived from model simulations. This indicator identifies critical constituent systems (CSs) and informs resilient design strategies. Using Mobility as a Service (MaaS) as a case study, we demonstrate how the proposed method can be implemented in a specific SoS.