Mycotoxins are toxic fungal secondary metabolites that pose a major threat to the safety of food and feed. Mycotoxins are usually converted into less toxic or non-toxic metabolites through biotransformation that are often made by living organisms as well as the isolated enzymes. The conversions mainly include hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrogenation, de-epoxidation, methylation, glycosylation and glucuronidation, esterification, hydrolysis, sulfation, demethylation and deamination. Biotransformations of some notorious mycotoxins such as alfatoxins, alternariol, citrinin, fomannoxin, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone analogues are reviewed in detail. The recent development and applications of mycotoxins detoxification through biotransformation are also discussed.

Verticillium wilt is a devastating soil-borne disease that significantly impacts cotton production, necessitating the development the effective biofumigants for its control. In this study, the inhibitory effect of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Talaromyces purpureogenus CEF642^N against Verticillium dahliae were evaluated using the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) strategy and analyzed through volatile metabolome. CEF642^N was found to produce two primary VOCs, 3-octanol and 2-octenal, (E)-, both of which demonstrated significant antifungal activity. Transcriptome analysis of mycelium grown on various solid media revealed notable differences in the expression of genes associated with arachidonic acid metabolism, lipoxygenase (LOX), and lytic enzymes. These findings provide a foundation for future research aimed at identifying key genes involved in the eight-carbon volatile biosynthetic pathway.