Supramolecular chemistry combines the strength of molecular assembly via various molecular interactions. Hydrogen bonding facilitated self-assembly with the advantages of directionality, specificity, reversibility, and strength is a promising approach for constructing advanced supramolecules. There are still some challenges in hydrogen bonding based supramolecular polymers, such as complexity originating from tautomerism of the molecular building modules, the assembly process, and structure versatility of building blocks. In this review, examples are selected to give insights into multiple hydrogen bonding driven emerging supramolecular architectures. We focus on chiral supramolecular assemblies, multiple hydrogen bonding modules as stimuli responsive sources, interpenetrating polymer networks, multiple hydrogen bonding assisted organic frameworks, supramolecular adhesives, energy dissipators, and quantitative analysis of nano-adhesion. The applications in biomedical materials are focused with detailed examples including drug design evolution for myotonic dystrophy, molecular assembly for advanced drug delivery, an indicator displacement strategy for DNA detection, tissue engineering, and self-assembly complexes as gene delivery vectors for gene transfection. In addition, insights into the current challenges and future perspectives of this field to propel the development of multiple hydrogen bonding facilitated supramolecular materials are proposed.

Hierarchical nitrogen-doped porous carbons (HNPCs) with tunable pore structures and ultrahigh specific surface areas were designed and prepared from sustainable biomass precursor cellulose carbamate via simultaneous carbonization and activation by a facile one-pot approach. The as-synthesized HNPCs exhibited an ultrahigh specific surface area (3700 m² g⁻¹), a high pore volume (3.60 cm³ g⁻¹) and a high level of nitrogen-doping (7.7%). The HNPCs were structurally tunable in terms of their pore structure and morphology by adjusting the calcination temperature. In three-electrode systems, the electrode made of HNPCs prepared at 900 °C (HNPCs-900) showed a high specific capacitance of 339 F g⁻¹ in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte and 282 F g⁻¹ in 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹. An outstanding rate capability (∼73% retention at a current density of 20 A g⁻¹) and excellent cycling stability (∼95% retention after 5000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 5 A g⁻¹) in KOH electrolyte were achieved. In two-electrode systems, the electrode made of HNPCs-900 exhibited a high specific capacitance of 289 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ and good rate capacity (∼72% retention at a current density of 20 A g⁻¹) as well as cycling stability (∼92% retention at 2 A g⁻¹) after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the HNPCs-900 showed an unprecedented adsorption capacity for methylene blue (1551 mg g⁻¹) which was among the few highest ever reported for dye removal. The HNPCs could be used as functional materials for energy storage and waste water treatment.

Catalytic conversion of biomass‐based platform chemicals is one of the significant approaches to utilize renewable biomass resources. 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), obtained by an electrocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), has attracted extensive attention due to the potential of replacing terephthalic acid to synthesize high‐performance polymeric materials for commercialization. In the present work, the pH‐dependent reaction pathways and factors influencing the degree of functional group oxidation are first discussed. Then the reaction mechanism of HMF oxidation is further elucidated using the representative examples. In addition, the emerging catalyst design strategies (defects, interface engineering) used in HMF oxidation are generalized, and structure–activity relationships between the abovementioned strategies and catalysts performance are analyzed. Furthermore, cathode pairing reactions, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR), oxygen reduction reaction, and thermodynamically favorable organic reactions to lower the cell voltage of the electrolysis system, are discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the electrochemical oxidation of HMF for FDCA are presented, focusing on deeply investigated reaction mechanism, coupling reaction, reactor design, and downstream product separation/purification.

Molybdenum carbide (Mo₂C) materials are promising electrocatalysts with potential applications in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to low cost and Pt-like electronic structures. Nevertheless, their HER activity is usually hindered by the strong hydrogen binding energy. Moreover, the lack of water-cleaving sites makes it difficult for the catalysts to work in alkaline solutions. Here, we designed and synthesized a B and N dual-doped carbon layer that encapsulated on Mo₂C nanocrystals (Mo₂C@BNC) for accelerating HER under alkaline condition. The electronic interactions between the Mo₂C nanocrystals and the multiple-doped carbon layer endow a near-zero H adsorption Gibbs free energy on the defective C atoms over the carbon shell. Meanwhile, the introduced B atoms afford optimal H₂O adsorption sites for the water-cleaving step. Accordingly, the dual-doped Mo₂C catalyst with synergistic effect of non-metal sites delivers superior HER performances of a low overpotential (99 mV@10 mA cm⁻²) and a small Tafel slope (58.1 mV dec⁻¹) in 1 M KOH solution. Furthermore, it presents a remarkable activity that outperforming the commercial 10% Pt/C catalyst at large current density, demonstrating its applicability in industrial water splitting. This study provides a reasonable design strategy towards noble-metal-free HER catalysts with high activity.