Terminalia chebula Retz. is a multipurpose tree but the primary purpose of cultivating and raising this tree species is its fruits. Large sized fruits easily fetch higher prices in the national and global markets. The availability of superior germplasm is, however, restricted by its very low natural regeneration, poor germination capacity of the seeds, very little knowledge about its propagation techniques, long juvenile period for fruits production which is almost 15–20 years. The availability of superior germplasm and shortening of long juvenile period can be resolved by the adoption of various vegetative propagation techniques. In the present study, scions of T. chebula Retz. were grafted on three different rootstocks; T. chebula Retz., Terminalia bellirica Roxb. and Terminalia arjuna Bedd to standardize vegetative propagation techniques in T. chebula. The grafting and budding methods used were cleft grafting, side-veneer grafting and patch budding. The results revealed that out of all the propagation techniques evaluated under nursery conditions, cleft grafting was most promising. It showed better results on principal parameters like graft survival ratio (46.67) and graft take ratio (60.00). In case of rootstocks, T. arjuna performed well on most of the growth parameters. Hence, it is concluded that T. arjuna as a rootstock can be cleft grafted with T. chebula Retz. scion not only to obtain healthy plants with desired characteristics in a short time but also to conserve its germplasm.

Improper management in old mango orchards renders them senile and less productive. Intercropping with suitable and synergistic crop improves the fertility and maintains soil health. Field experiment was conducted during 2022–2023 to find out the effect of intercropping with 4 crops: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) and kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees) on the soil physico-chemical properties and microbial population in a 29 years old mango orchard located in the sub-tropics of Jammu Shivaliks, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The results of the study revealed that the intercropping was effective in bringing about slight improvement in all the physico-chemical properties such as soil moisture, bulk density, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium clearly signifying that intercropping in old orchards will built the fertility level on long term basis. The microbial count showed a decreasing trend at the depths 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm, which might be due to no tillage prior to the experimentation, but it could be postulated that with continuous cropping, intercultural operations and consequent soil health improvement the microbial load would increase in the long run.