Background: Numerous studies have found higher levels of autoantibodies including anti citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (aCCP), or rheumatoid factor (RF) against periodontal microorganisms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective: To evaluate the correlation between periodontal bacteria and RA disease parameters. Methods: We utilized PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and manual search databases up until March 2024 using PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The data were obtained from microbiological assays by RT-PCR/qPCR, sequencing, and serological testing of disease parameters (ACPA, aCCP, and RF) utilizing ELISA method. Results: A total of 1514 documents were discovered based on the inclusion criteria. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella_9 were associated with elevated levels of ACPA/aCCP and RF in RA with periodontitis. A positive correlation was found between Peptococcus simiae, Aminipila butyrica, Leptotrichia spp., Leptotrichia wadei, and Neisseria bacilliformis with ACPA, and Treponema sp. canine oral taxon 087 with RF. Conclusions: This study found that several oral microorganisms correlate with elevated ACPA/aCCP and RF in RA with periodontitis. Future studies of the oral microbiome and the molecular mechanisms are anticipated to discover new therapies and diagnostic methods for periodontitis and RA.

Periodontitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases worldwide and has a high prevalence among the elderly. This disease is caused by microorganisms in dental plaque, which lead to inflammation and damage to the supporting tissues of the teeth. In Indonesia, the prevalence of periodontitis among the elderly reaches 66%, higher than in other age groups. The elderly are more susceptible to periodontitis due to a decline in immune system function, systemic diseases such as diabetes, and suboptimal oral hygiene. This condition is exacerbated by dry mouth due to medication use, such as xerostomia. The main manifestations of periodontitis in the elderly include gingival inflammation, formation of periodontal pockets, alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility. Periodontitis significantly impacts the quality of life of the elderly, including tooth loss, which affects their ability to chew, eating patterns, and speech. Additionally, periodontitis is associated with increased systemic inflammation, which can affect overall health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, nutritional status, and physical function.

Introduction: There are various types of adjuvant agents used in periodontal treatment, one of which is Nano Bio Fusion (NBF) Gingival Gel. Numerous studies have assessed the use of NBF gel in the treatment of periodontal disease. This paper attempts to review the literature on the efficacy of utilizing NBF gel to treat periodontal disease. Review: Nano-Bio Fusion Gingival Gel contains propolis extract in the form of nanoemulsion, vitamin C, vitamin E, sodium monofluorophosphate, aloe, and green tea extract. NBF gel is used for protection and prevention in various oral conditions, such as gingival and periodontal disease; ulcerated conditions, erosions, xerostomia, white lesions of the mucosa, denture stomatitis; mucosal protection after radiation therapy or chemotherapy; dry lips or cheilitis, lip inflammation; and post-surgical conditions such as tooth extraction, alveolitis, after implant placement, flap surgery, periodontal abscess treatment, and others. In eight studies, NBF gel was found to be effective in the treatment of periodontal disease. The parameters used were plaque index, papillary bleeding index, pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, pain perception, signs of inflammation, sulcular bleeding index, and colony forming unit. The best results were seen in the use of NBF gel after scaling. In comparison to other adjuvants, such as tetracycline fiber and hyaluronic acid (Gengigel), the results of the parameters obtained with NBF gel are not as excellent as those obtained with the other two substances. Conclusion: NBF gel can be an effective adjuvant treatment following scaling.

Halitosis, often known as foul breath, refers to an unpleasant odor that emanates from the mouth cavity when inhaling or talking. Halitosis can have a negative impact on a person's quality of life, including symptoms of depression or anxiety, low self-esteem, embarrassment, prejudice, and social isolation. Bad breath can be caused by both intra oral and extra oral factors. Bacterial growth in the oral cavity is excellent for the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). The posterior dorsum of the tongue, gingival sulcus, periodontal pockets, and gingival embrasures are all places where bacterias can accumulate. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema dentiocola are known to actively produce VSC through interactions with specific substrates such as cysteine, methionine, tryptophan, arginine, and lysine to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methylmercaptan (CH3SCH3). However, the presence of VSC does not indicate the presence of periodontitis, as any space in the oral cavity that can cause the retention of bacteria/biofilms can become a site for bacterial decomposition, thereby facilitating the growth of VSC. Tongue cleansing is proven to help reduce the formation of VSC.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) reduces manual dexterity, potentially hindering effective oral hygiene and increasing periodontal risk. However, this relationship has not been fully clarified. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 80 participants (40 with RA and 40 without RA), all diagnosed with gingivitis or periodontitis. The groups were recruited from different settings and were not matched for demographic or systemic characteristics. Periodontal parameters were assessed using full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), plaque score, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Manual dexterity was evaluated using the Moberg Pick-Up Test (MPUT), comprising four subtests: dominant hand eyes open (DHEO), non-dominant hand eyes open (NdHEO), dominant hand eyes closed (DHEC), and non-dominant hand eyes closed (NdHEC). Associations were analyzed using Spearman's correlation, and multivariable analysis was performed adjusting for age and comorbidities. Results: Periodontitis was more prevalent in the RA group, whereas gingivitis predominated in the non-RA group ( p = 0.001). The plaque score was significantly different between groups ( p = 0.036). All MPUT subtests showed significantly poorer performance in the RA group compared with controls ( p < 0.05). Within the RA group, NdHEO and NdHEC subtests were associated with plaque scores ( p = 0.006, p = 0.005). In multivariable analysis, performance in NdHEC subtest was significantly associated with plaque scores ( p = 0.036; OR 0.033, 95% CI 0.001–0.797) after adjustment for age and comorbidities. Conclusions: Manual dexterity, as assessed by the MPUT, was associated with greater plaque accumulation but not with periodontal severity. While these findings suggest a potential link between functional limitations and oral hygiene in RA patients, a causal relationship cannot be inferred due to the cross-sectional design of this study.