Introduction. Industrial cities are characterized by a significant amount of emissions of carcinogenic substances into the atmospheric air. In this regard, for the development of preventive measures, there is needed research to quantify the carcinogenic risk to health. The aim of the work was to quantify the carcinogenic risk associated with aerotechnogenic pollution of the cities of the Central Chernozem region including Voronezh, Lipetsk, and Belgorod. Materials and methods. Data on the results of monitoring laboratory studies in 2017–2022 were used as initial data. The carcinogenic risk was assessed according to G. 2.1.10.1920–04 “Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment”. Results. Taking into account the available objective data of laboratory control of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of the cities of the Central Chernozem region of Russia, pollutants have been identified whose exposure under standard exposure scenarios causes the level of individual carcinogenic risk to public health above the maximum permissible (1 • 10–4): in Voronezh – 1,3–butadiene (the source of emissions is the production of synthetic rubber) and chromium6+ compounds (the main source of emissions is an aviation plant); in Lipetsk – formaldehyde, at some control points – benzene (the main sources are emissions from metallurgical production and motor transport). Attention should be paid to the need to improve monitoring of the content of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of Belgorod, because in the presence of many sources of pollution, the concentrations of only two carcinogens are controlled. Limitations. The limitations of the study are due to the fact that the calculation of individual carcinogenic risks is always inherent in the uncertainties associated with the assessment of exposure and the use of standard formulas for calculating doses of intake into the body. Conclusion. To reduce the carcinogenic risk associated with air pollution, a set of measures should be implemented to reduce the intake of carcinogenic pollutants into the atmospheric air, and to implement rational urban planning decisions.

Introduction. Chemicals of various hazard classes are among the most common harmful production factors. We aimed to study conditions for the occurrence, prevalence and structure of occupational diseases from exposure to chemicals at enterprises in the Arctic in order to exclude cases of early restriction or complete termination of the labour activity of workers. The study design was to analyze data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity of the population” in the Russian Federation in 2007-2020. Materials and methods. We studied the data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity of the population of the Russian Federation” in 2007-2020. Results. In the Russian Arctic in 2007-2020, the share of chemicals in the structure of harmful production factors was 7.6%. They were the cause of 7.8% of occupational diseases, the number of which tended to decrease. Characteristic for this group of diseases is the predominant damage to the respiratory organs (74.6%) in workers in the nickel industry (68.3%). Also, a feature of the diseases was the formation in a shorter time (24.3±0.4 years); greater risk in women (relative risk (RR) = 3.48, confidence interval (CI) 2.91-4.16; p<0.001); greater risk of malignancy (RR=3.55; CI 3.13-4.02; p<0.001). Out of five hundred seventy one case of occupational pathology of nickel production workers, 355 (62.2%) were caused by water-insoluble nickel compounds. Other 188 (32.9%) and 28 (4.9%) cases were due to hydroaerosols of nickel salts and nickel tetracarbonyl, respectively. Out of 164 cases of intoxication, 138 (84.1%) had a chronic course and were mainly caused by nickel compounds (87.7%). The main cause of acute intoxication (n=26) was carbon monoxide (76.9%). Limitations. Methods for determining concentrations of chemicals in the air of work areas do not provide an accurate exposure assessment in workers who use personal protective equipment. Conclusion. To reduce the occupational health risks from chemicals, first of all, it is necessary, to decrease concentrations of nickel compounds in the air of the nickel enterprise working areas. In the prevention of certain forms of occupational pathology, priority should be given to respiratory diseases from exposure to water-insoluble nickel compounds, malignant neoplasms and acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

Introduction. Working in the Arctic creates an increased risk of developing occupational pathology, leads to a premature restriction of the labour activity. Materials and methods. We studied data of the socio-hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity» and the register of extracts from occupational disease records (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation 176 dated May 28, 2001) The aim of the study was to assess causes and circumstances, structure, and number of occupational diseases among employees of Russian Arctic enterprises in 2007–2021. Results. In 2007–2021, Ten thousand three hundred forty three occupational diseases were firstly registered in the Russian Arctic in 8,067 employees, in 75–85% of cases engaged in mining and metallurgical enterprises. In 2007–2015, there was an increase, and in 2016–2021, a decrease in the level of occupational morbidity, which exceeded the national figures by 6.01–10.99 times. The main factor in the development of occupational pathology, the share of which in the structure of all harmful factors increased from 19.0% to 43.9%, is the severity of labour arising from design flaws in equipment and imperfection of technological processes. In 2007–2021, there was an increase in the proportion of vibration disease (from 18.3% to 26.3%) and radiculopathy (from 12.6% to 19.5%), a decrease in the share of sensorineural hearing loss (from 17.9 % to 14.3%) and mono- and polyneuropathy (from 14.1% to 9.1%), but especially significant (5.38 times) – of chronic bronchitis. At the same time, the number of nosological forms of occupational diseases per worker increased from 1.05±0.01 to 1.43±0.03 cases (p<0.05). Limitations. As a limitation of the study, one can consider the locality of the data obtained, which are applicable only to the Arctic territories of Russia. Conclusion. The new data obtained on the causes, number, and structure of occupational diseases indicate the priority for the Russian Arctic to reduce labour severity and improve preventing vibration disease, radiculopathy, and sensorineural hearing loss in mining and metallurgical workers.

During 2009-2010 in the 15-km area around the Kola Nuclear Power Plant, there were studied bilberry-bush geo-botanical, morphological and physiological characteristics. In conditions of an insignificant (within the natural values) increase of background X-radiation, there have been revealed at least three types of adaptive mechanisms directed to decrease of radionuclides absorption by plant tissues thorough activation or inhibition of growth and development processes. The data obtained are under discussion concerning non-specific stress mechanisms.

Introduction. The Northern Sea Route (NSR) is the main Arctic shipping route in the Russian Federation. As part of the development of Arctic infrastructure, the state and private investors have launched large-scale work on the development of Arctic ports. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the current monitoring system for the state of atmospheric air, soil, and drinking water in the territory of settlements (ports) in the Northern Sea Route. Materials and methods. Official data from environmental pollution monitoring by (Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet) and social and hygienic monitoring by Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) in twelve settlements and ports in the Northern Sea Route were used. An electronic database has been created. The analysis was carried out using MS Office Excel, visualization of the location of monitoring points – ESRI ArcGIS 9.3 Results. The conducted research has shown heterogeneity in the management of monitoring of environmental factors of the population living in settlements (ports) of the NSR. The largest monitoring coverage is typical for settlements in the North-West – primarily the cities of Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, where the largest number of posts are located and all environments are monitored – atmospheric air, soil of populated areas and drinking water. There is practically no monitoring of the habitat in the village of Sabetta, Dudinka. In the village. Dixon habitat monitoring is not carried out. Atmospheric air, the quality of which is especially important for territories with developed port infrastructure, is controlled only in 5 out of 12 settlements (ports) of the NSR. Limitations. The research had no limitations. Conclusion. The need to optimize the monitoring system was noted. As measures, it is recommended to manage monitoring of atmospheric air, drinking water, and soil in the village. Dixon; atmospheric air and soil in the village. Sabetta and Dudinka; atmospheric air in Beringovsky village, Igarka, Providence village; soil in Tiksi village. It is necessary to expand the list of controlled indices in atmospheric air, drinking water and soil, as well as increase the frequency of sampling.

Работники никелевой промышленности составляют группу повышенного риска развития профессиональных заболеваний. Изучены данные об условиях труда, общей и профессиональной патологии работников никелевой промышленности в Мурманской области в 2004–2021 гг., а также результаты ретроспективного когортного исследования 1424 работников пирометаллургического передела никеля в 2007–2021 гг. В Мурманской области в 2004–2021 гг. у 620 работников никелевой промышленности было впервые выявлено 1215 профессиональных заболеваний, что составило 24,4% заболевших лиц и 24,6% случаев патологии в регионе. В 2008–2021 гг. у 130 (9,1%) из 1424 работников когортной группы были впервые выявлены 302 профессиональных заболевания. При этом в 2014–2021 гг. отмечалась отрицательная динамика за счет увеличения ежегодной процентной доли работников с профессиональной патологией с 0,37% до 1,2% и уровня профессиональной заболеваемости с 74,9 до 443,5 случаев / 10000 работников. Результаты когортного исследования позволили научно обосновать методику оценки риска развития профессиональной патологии и содержание дифференцированных риск-ориентированных лечебно-диагностических комплексов для профилактики профессиональных заболеваний у работников никелевой промышленности. Ухудшение в 2011–2021 гг. показателей профессионального здоровья делает актуальным разработку и практическое внедрение новой риск-ориентированной методики профилактики профессиональной патологии в системе охраны труда работников никелевых предприятий в Мурманской области. Nickel industry workers are at increased risk of developing occupational diseases. We studied data on working conditions, non-occupational and occupational pathology of nickel industry workers in the Murmansk region in 2004–2021, as well as the results of a retrospective cohort study of 1424 workers in the nickel pyrometallurgical processing in 2007–2021. In the Murmansk region in 2004–2021, 1215 occupational diseases were detected for the first time in 620 nickel industry employees, which accounted for 24.4% of workers and 24.6% of occupational pathology cases in the region. In 2008–2021, 130 (9.1%) out of 1424 workers in the cohort group were first diagnosed with 302 occupational diseases. In 2014–2021, there was a negative dynamic in the occupational health of workers due to an increase in the annual percentage of persons with occupational pathology from 0.37% to 1.2% and the level of occupational morbidity from 74.9 to 443.5 cases / 10000 employees. The results of a cohort study made it possible to develop a methodology for a posteriori prediction of occupational pathology risk categories and differentiated risk-based treatment and diagnostic complexes for the prevention of occupational pathology among nickel industry workers. Conclusion. Taking into account the deterioration in the health indicators of nickel industry workers in the Murmansk region in 2011–2021, the development and practical implementation of a new risk-based method for preventing occupational pathology becomes a priority.