Wound healing is a complex biochemical process. The use of herbal medicine in wound healing not only carries forward the wisdom of traditional medicine, with its anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating effects, but also reflects the direction of modern biopharmaceutical technology, such as its potential in developing new biomaterials like hydrogels. This article first outlines the inherent structural properties of healthy skin, along with the physiological characteristics related to chronic wounds in patients with diabetes and burns. Subsequently, the article delves into the latest advancements in clinical and experimental research on the impact of active constituents in herbal medicine on wound tissue regeneration, summarizing existing studies on the mechanisms of various herbal medicines in the healing of diabetic and burn wounds. Finally, the paper thoroughly examines the application and mechanisms of plant polysaccharide hydrogels containing active herbal compounds in chronic wound healing. The primary objective is to provide valuable resources for the clinical application and development of herbal medicine, thereby maximizing its therapeutic potential. It also represents the continuation of traditional medical wisdom, offering new possibilities for advancements in regenerative medicine and wound care.

Malignant tumors have become one of the most important diseases threatening human life and health, and the prevention and treatment of cancer have always been the direction of modern medicine’s continuous exploration. According to modern medical research, a tumor microbial ecosystem exists in all human cancers. With the continuous deepening of research on the tumor microenvironment (TME), it has been discovered that some specific bacteria cause tumor production and development by damaging DNA, activating oncogenic signaling pathways, suppressing anti-tumor immunity, and producing pro-tumor metabolites. Certain bacteria associated with tumors can also serve as breakthroughs in the prevention and treatment of tumors. In this review, we present and summarize evidence from a large number of studies on the effects of oncobacteria on tumor prevention and treatment, and we further discuss the direction in which oncobacteria can be positively and effectively used in tumor therapy.

Diabetic chronic wounds face multiple intractable healing obstacles including sustained inflammation, severe infection, insufficient angiogenesis and defective collagen deposition. Current dressings fail to simultaneously relieve all these pathological defects. Herein, we constructed a carrier-free binary self-assembled Glycyrrhizic acid monoammonium salt–Berberine (GB) hydrogel composed of berberine and glycyrrhizic acid monoammonium salt, which forms interconnected nanofiber networks via one-pot thermally assisted small-molecule co-assembly without chemical crosslinking or exogenous polymer carriers. Relying on intermolecular non-covalent interactions, this single supramolecular material integrates anti-inflammatory, broad-spectrum antibacterial, pro-angiogenic, and collagen-regenerative multifunctions, which simultaneously ameliorates multiple core pathological obstacles of diabetic wounds within one formulation. We systematically characterized its physicochemical features, biocompatibility, and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as in vivo wound repair performance. This hydrogel formed uniform nanofibrous architectures with favorable viscoelastic properties and pH-dependent sustained release. In vitro assays verified its outstanding biosafety, broad-spectrum bacteriostasis against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and potent inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, with bacterial inhibition rates reaching ~88% against E. coli and ~70% against S. aureus. In diabetic mouse full-thickness infected wound models, the GB hydrogel simultaneously alleviated local inflammation, accelerated wound closure and facilitated ordered collagen deposition and mature microvessel formation, achieving a 73.10% wound closure rate at day 7 and 58.01% collagen deposition fraction at day 14, thus exhibiting equivalent or superior repair capacity compared with commercial hydrogel dressings. This carrier-free supramolecular system based on natural herbal small molecules provides a safe, convenient, and integrated therapeutic strategy for diabetic infected chronic wounds, with promising clinical translation potential.

Background: The highly heterogeneous and dynamically evolving tumor microenvironment leads to the development of drug resistance and recurrence in traditional therapies. Although immunotherapy demonstrates unique advantages, its clinical utility remains constrained by the suboptimal immunogenicity and the limited effect of monotherapy. Herein, a hybrid drug delivery system based on a spatiotemporal hierarchical controlled-release strategy was proposed to achieve dual immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote synergistic anti-tumor therapy. Methods: A liposome–micelle hybrid drug delivery system (RUT-RPP-LP) was constructed using a lipid bilayer composed of dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine/hemisuccinyl cholesterol to encapsulate rutin (RUT) and to form an inner cavity-encapsulated resveratrol micelle (RPP). RUT-RPP-LP was characterized, and its pH sensitivity and release behavior were investigated. Subsequently, a colon cancer tumor-bearing mouse model was constructed to evaluate the in vivo targeted anti-tumor effect and biological safety. On this basis, the combined mechanism of ICB and ICD was preliminarily explored. Results: RUT-RPP-LP possessed excellent formulation characteristics, stability, and biocompatibility, achieving graded controlled release of drugs via responding to the TME and lysosomal acidity, respectively. Obviously, RUT-RPP-LP could specifically target the tumor site, induce the occurrence of ICD, and simultaneously block the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the function of T cells and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. Conclusions: The RUT-RPP-LP based on the hierarchical controlled-release strategy exerted a spatiotemporally coordinated enhancement of anti-tumor immunity, and may provide a novel combinatorial approach to overcome the low response of immunotherapy in solid tumors.