Determining the gene expression and serum profile of the indicators linked to clinical endometritis susceptibility in Egyptian buffalo cows was the aim of this investigation. The buffalo cows that were enrolled were divided into two groups: forty infected buffalo cows with clinical endometritis and forty seemingly healthy buffalo cows that served as the control group. For the purposes of gene expression and biochemical analysis, ten milliliters of blood was obtained via jugular venipuncture from each buffalo cow. TLR4, IL-8, IL-17, NFKB, SLCA11A1, NCF4, Keap1, HMOX1, OXSR1, ST1P1, and SERP1 were manifestly expressed at much higher levels in the buffaloes with endometritis. On the other hand, the genes that encode SOD, CAT, NDUFS6, Nrf2, and PRDX2 were down-regulated. There was a significant (p < 0.05) elevation of the serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), beta hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), triglycerides (TGs), globulin, creatinine, and cortisol, along with a reduction in the serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, total protein albumin, urea, estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroxine (T4), prostaglandin F2 α (PGF2α), calcium, iron, and selenium, in the endometritis group in comparison with the control. However, no significant change was observed in the values of phosphorus, magnesium, copper, or zinc in either group. Within the selective breeding of naturally resistant animals, the variation in the genes under study and the changes in the serum profiles of the indicators under investigation may serve as a reference guide for reducing endometritis in Egyptian buffalo cows.

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterial pathogen responsible for a wide range of diseases in both humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate nucleotide sequence variations, gene expression patterns, and serum biomarkers, including acute phase proteins (APPs), hormonal fluctuations, and iron profile parameters in sheep affected by pneumonia. Additionally, the study focused on the isolation and characterization of S. aureus from pneumonic sheep, with particular emphasis on the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. Blood samples were collected from both healthy and pneumonic sheep for gene expression and biochemical analyses, while nasal swabs from pneumonic sheep were used for bacterial isolation and identification. Out of 100 nasal swabs analyzed, 44% tested positive for Staphylococcus spp., and 61.4% of these were confirmed as S. aureus by PCR. The mecA gene, a key marker of methicillin resistance, was identified in 17 isolates (38.6% of the S. aureus-positive samples). MRSA isolates showed complete resistance to amoxicillin, cloxacillin, and erythromycin, and high resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline; however, all MRSA strains remained fully susceptible to vancomycin. Gene expression analysis revealed that TLR2, CLEC4E, PTX3, CXCL8, and IL15RA were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in pneumonic ewes, while SOCS3 expression was markedly downregulated. Sequence analysis of immune-related genes revealed notable nucleotide differences between healthy and affected animals. Furthermore, the pneumonic group exhibited significantly elevated levels of APPs, cortisol, and growth hormone, along with reduced levels of insulin, T3, and T4. These findings underscore the zoonotic risk posed by MRSA and emphasize the need for robust surveillance and antibiotic stewardship to control its spread. The study also highlights the importance of molecular diagnostics in accurately identifying MRSA and elucidating resistance mechanisms, thereby facilitating targeted treatment and informed management strategies.

Pregnancy toxemia (PT) represents a significant metabolic disorder affecting small ruminants that causes substantial economic losses due to reduced productivity, reproductive failure, and high mortality. This study investigated the clinical, ultrasonographic, hematobiochemical, oxidative stress, and immunological profiles, as well as the gene expression and nucleotide sequence variations, associated with PT susceptibility in Shami goats. Fifty late-pregnant does (33 healthy and 17 PT-affected) were examined. Clinical evaluation, complete blood count, biochemical analysis, cytokine profiling, antioxidant assays, hepatic ultrasonography, quantitative real-time PCR of immune (IL6, IL8), antioxidant (SOD3, HMOX1), and lipogenic (ACACA, FASN) genes, and PCR-DNA sequencing were performed. PT does exhibit significant hypoglycemia, hyperketonemia, elevated liver and kidney function biomarkers, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress (↑ MDA, ↓ GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT), increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1α, IL1β, IL6, TNFα), and reduced IL10. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of IL6 and IL8 and downregulation of SOD3, HMOX1, ACACA, and FASN in PT does. Sequencing identified multiple synonymous and non-synonymous SNPs significantly associated with PT. Ultrasonography indicated hepatic fatty infiltration. Discriminant analysis using SNPs achieved 100% classification accuracy between healthy and PT does. These findings suggested that combined clinical, biochemical, oxidative, immunological, and genetic markers could enhance early PT diagnosis and may provide a basis for future studies aimed at selective breeding for improved resistance.

Aboudeleik sheep are a prominent native breed in desert and semi-desert areas, known for their adaptability to harsh climates and their utility in both milk and meat production

Arthritis is a leading cause of economic loss in livestock farming including sheep. This study examined the changes in gene expression, antioxidants, pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute-phase proteins (APPs), hormonal assays and iron profiles linked to sheep arthritis, as well as the diagnostic utility of these markers. Blood samples were obtained from 30 apparently healthy rams and 30 rams with arthritis for gene expression and biochemical analyses. Gene expression intensities were much higher in the arthritis-affected rams than in the healthy ones for the genes IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, NCF4, NFKB, TMED, FCAMR, iNOS and COX18. The SOD3, CAT, GPX and ATOX1 genes were expressed at substantially lower levels in arthritis-affected rams. Disparities in the nucleotide sequence variants for the amplified DNA bases linked to arthritis for the studied genes were found in the PCR-DNA sequence verdicts of the affected and healthy rams. Immunological, acute-phase protein (APP), antioxidant, hormonal and iron profiles were estimated in both groups and statistically analyzed. The arthritic group in relation to the healthy one showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, APPs, free radicals, immunoglobulins, cortisol, GH, TSH, ferritin, TIBC and UIBC and a significant (p ˂ 0.05) decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, complements, insulin, T3, T4, SI, and Tf and Tf sat.% serum levels. The estimated pro-inflammatory cytokines and APPs achieved high values of sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs), negative predictive values (NPVs), a high accuracy rate and a moderate likelihood ratio (LR). The study concluded that ovine arthritis stimulates innate and humeral immunity, resulting in prominent alterations in gene expression, pro-inflammatory cytokines, APP assays and antioxidant profiles, which could be valuable indicators of sheep arthritis.