The purpose is to explore whether the CEO’s personal and professional attributes affect corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure or not in particular context of Pakistan. This article attempts to bridge this gap using the data set of 1,790 firm-year observations comprising of firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the logistic regression technique is employed while taking CEO personal and professional attributes as explanatory variables and CSR disclosure as the dependent variable. Results indicate that firm size and CSR disclosure has a positive relationship. The outcomes based on binary logistic regression demonstrate that CEO ownership has a negative impact, whereas CEO tenure, CEO education, CEO age, and CEO compensation are the variables that have a positive impact on CSR disclosure. In addition, duality, ownership, and gender of the CEO are found to be insignificant. Evidence on CEO demographics and their impact on disclosure choice might be helpful for policymakers and regulators. This study lacks generalization due to the unique setting of Pakistan. Our research contributes to the body of knowledge containing upper echelons theory in several ways. First, it answers the call for an extension of research toward social responsibility disclosures and individual’s traits impact on it. Second, our study adds to the scarce literature available on CSR research and practices in developing countries. Third, it is one of the first quantitative studies in the specific context of Pakistan as data for these variables is not available in organized form publicly.

The purpose of this study is to explore the link between corporate governance characteristics and corporate social responsibility disclosure of listed companies in the Pakistan stock Exchange (PSX), Pakistan. A sample of 179 companies from financial and non-financial sectors are studied from 2009 to 2015. The data is collected from their annual reports and websites. Binary logistic regression analysis is employed to test the models. The results reveal that board size, number of meetings and board independence are significant corporate governance characteristics to establish the link with corporate social responsibility disclosure. This study also explore that the trend of CSR disclosure is increasing in financial as well as non-financial sector. Additionally, the companies disclose their CSR activities lead in financial performance as compare to their counterpart. This study adds in the literature to explore the influence of board characteristics on corporate social responsibility disclosure from a developing country’s perspective.

This study addresses the questions of “How” and “When” CEO duality affects firm performance from a developing country’s perspective. To address the research question, CEO duality serves as an explanatory variable, board effectiveness as a mediator, CEO personal characteristics as moderator, firm-specific characteristics as control, and performance indicators as a dependent variable. Our dataset comprises 163 Pakistani firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for 2009 to 2018. Results demonstrate that CEO’s duality negatively affects a firm’s financial performance; however, board effectiveness mediates the link between CEO duality and firm performance. The results support the agency theory framework. Furthermore, findings proposed that the CEO’s attributes (age, gender, and financial education) significantly moderate the link between a CEO’s duality and firm performance. The findings may be generalized among the developing countries and net 11 ( N-11) specifically. The current study claims to be the first one that explores the mediating role of the board effectiveness and moderating role of the CEO personal attributes together on a duality-performance link employing Pakistan’s corporate data. The findings suggest that policymakers and regulators ensure separation of power between Chairman and CEO to assure transparency through induction of more independence in the board room.

This study focuses on the impact of environmental disclosure on financial performance. Moreover, the current study aims to explore the mediating impact of green innovation and provide novel evidence regarding this relationship using stakeholder and signalling theory. This study used a sample dataset comprising Chinese firms listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange for the period of 2005–2016. In our measurement model, green innovation is the partial mediator between the positive relationship of environmental disclosure and firm performance. Empirical results show that environmental disclosure affects firm financial performance directly and positively influences it through green innovation in Chinese firms. The study suggests that Chinese firms have implications for improved performance by increasing environmental disclosure and green practices Este estudio se centra en el impacto de la divulgación de información medioambiental en los resultados financieros. Además, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar el impacto mediador de la innovación verde y proporcionar evidencia novedosa con respecto a esta relación utilizando la teoría de las partes interesadas y de la señalización. Este estudio utilizó una muestra que comprende empresas chinas que cotizan en las bolsas de Shanghái y Shenzhen durante el período 2005-2016. En nuestro modelo de medición, la innovación verde es el mediador parcial entre la relación positiva de la divulgación ambiental y el rendimiento de la empresa. Los resultados empíricos muestran que la divulgación medioambiental afecta directamente al rendimiento financiero de la empresa e influye positivamente en él a través de la innovación verde en las empresas chinas. El estudio sugiere que las empresas chinas podrían mejorar su rendimiento aumentando la divulgación medioambiental y las prácticas sostenibles.

Capital structure determination is considered as one of the key corporate financing decisions and managers often face difficulty in finding the optimal one. There are various theories regarding this phenomenon in the finance literature and this issue has been discussed since long. No theory can be regarded as the conclusive one as varying evidences found regarding this complex issue. Presently, the need to determine an optimal capital structure has become more troublesome as well as important due to the emergence of a need of the best corporate governance practices. To mitigate agency problem, the organizations may implement code of corporate governance. This study aims to investigate about the impact of corporate governance on capital structure determination. Secondly, this study focuses on three well known capital structure theories i.e. trade-off theory, agency theory and pecking-order theory. Quantitative research design is used for this empirical study. Sample consists of panel data of the non-financial sector companies listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange for five years 2009-2013. The data of the variables of interest are collected from annual reports published by companies and the publications of State Bank of Pakistan. The companies are selected by taking a representative sample from the whole non-financial sector. Stratified Random Sampling technique is used by taking 10% of each sector and final selected firms are 40.Then, simple random sampling technique is used for the selection of a representative sample by using random number method. Panel data analysis and Hausman test reveal that fixed effects model is better than other options and Board size has a significant impact on Debt to equity ratio in positive direction in case of Pakistani firms operating in nonfinancial sector. We may infer that Pakistani firms have positive relationship between managerial ownership and capital structure. Since this relationship is insignificant in all regressions. The negative relationship of return on assets (ROA) and debt to equity ratio suggests that Pakistani firms earn higher returns on assets and such firms rely more on internal financing resulting in less use of debt, strong negative association has been found between liquidity and debt to equity whereas the relationship with firm size is observed negative as well as insignificant. The findings of this study can help to policy makers to give importance to Board size as it is an important determinant of capital structure as larger the size of board is, the better the monitoring and decision making process