The environmental risk posed by heavy metals in agricultural soil is primarily influenced by their sources, bioavailability, and geochemical transfer behavior. This study focused on Weining County, a region in Guizhou province, Southwest China, with a high geological background and long-term impact from artisanal Zn smelting. Vertical soil profiles, crop, and rhizospheric soil samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metal concentration (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) including the total concentration and chemical fraction. The results revealed elevated concentrations of Cd (range: 0.7–6.9 mg·kg⁻¹), Co (range: 19.3–120.0 mg·kg⁻¹), Cu (range: 71.6–386.0 mg·kg⁻¹), Ni (range: 51.0–121.0 mg·kg⁻¹), and V (range: 310.0–721.0 mg·kg⁻¹) in all soil samples compared to the background values of Guizhou Province. Chemical fractionation analysis indicated that Cr, Ni, As, Cu, and Zn were predominantly present in the residual fraction, while Hg and Pb were predominantly found in the potentially bioavailable fraction. Cd exhibited the highest bioavailability, accounting for 58.5% of its total concentration. Enrichment factor analysis suggested that artisanal Zn smelting activities were the main sources of Cd, Pb, and Zn contamination. Furthermore, Cd, Pb, and Zn were found to be highly accumulated in the surface soil layer (0–20 cm). Notably, 90.0% of potato and 9.4% of maize grain samples exceeded the food hygiene standards for Cd concentration, posing potential health risks to consumers. The bioconcentration factor (soil-to-root) and translocation factor (root-to-grain) analyses indicated that maize roots had a higher tendency to accumulate Cd from the soil, while Zn and Cu showed a significant transferability from roots to maize grains. These findings offer valuable insights for devising heavy metal remediation strategies in similar areas.

The Duobaoshan mineralization area in Heilongjiang Province is a key copper–molybdenum–gold polymetallic region in China. Its southeastern Fudiyingzi–Bacheli area, located at the intersection of the NW-trending copper and NE-trending gold belts, exhibits favorable mineralization conditions. Despite over 70 years of placer gold mining and the discovery of one small copper deposit and one gold deposit, the area remains underexplored with significant peripheral exploration potential. This study integrates 1:50,000 geological mapping, high-precision magnetic surveys, phase-induced polarization, and soil geochemistry through multi-source data fusion for comprehensive mineral prediction. Key steps include delineating Cu, Au, and Mo anomalies and analyzing their associations with Zn, Cd, Ag, As, etc.; inferring NE-, NW-, and near-EW-trending linear structures via magnetic boundary enhancement; dividing high/low resistivity zones and identifying nine significant and six weak phase anomalies using phase-induced polarization; establishing a mineralization model based on typical deposits; and delineating four priority exploration targets. These results provide a scientific basis for further exploration in shallow coverage areas.