Several challenges persist in China’s ginseng industry. Phoxim, chlorpyrifos, quintozene—unregistered pesticides primarily used as soil insecticides and fungicides—may pose high dietary risks. This study performed a thorough screening of potential pesticides used in Chinese ginseng cultivation, evaluated the long-term dietary risks for the ginseng-consuming group, and used the primary risk factors for ginseng in China and South Korea to compare the two nations’ pesticide usage scenarios. From 2020 to 2022, 325 pesticides and related compounds were screened in 15 major ginseng-producing counties and 3 commercial markets in Northeast China, and 39 pesticides and 3 metabolites were identified using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, including allylmorph, pyrimethanil, pyraclostrobin, and other contaminants in Northeast China. Acute and chronic dietary risk assessment was performed using 0.009 kg as the maximum daily intake and 0.005 kg as the average daily intake, with adults as the exposed population. Based on these findings and reliable toxicological data, acute and chronic dietary risk quotients for ginseng were assessed, considering dietary intake and population exposure. The results indicate that ginseng products are generally safe and manageable, with acute and long-term dietary risks remaining within acceptable limits.

The simultaneous determination of 166 pesticides using dispersive liquid–liquid micro extraction combined with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (DLLME–GC-MS/MS+LC-MS/MS) is presented here. In this work, DLLME was extended to complex residues in the ginseng wine matrix. This study first focused on the selection of an appropriate solvent that enabled the dissolution of analytes from ginseng wine. The matrix-matched calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 2–100 µg L⁻¹ for all pesticides, with coefficients of determination of 0.977–1. The mean recoveries were in the range of 3–124%, with 133 pesticides in the range of 60–130%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.4% and 31.4%. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were within the ranges of 0.14–140 and 0.5–470 ng L⁻¹, respectively. Therefore, this analytical method contributes to residue analyses of 133 pesticides for the routine laboratory testing of ginseng wine. Research was also carried out by soaking the pesticide-positive samples in ginseng wine to monitor the migration and degradation of pesticides. The results showed that, the migration rates of thifluzamidewaslower than 60%, cyprodinil was 73.7, while azoxystrobin, pyrimethanil, carbendazim, dimethomorph, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, propiconazole, quintozene, pentachloroaniline, tebuconazole and phoximwere between 75% and 95%. Quintozene was more easily degraded into pentachloroaniline in the wine.