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Youtong Zhang
Laboratory of Low Emission Vehicle, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

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Journal article
Published: 11 July 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Solar cars are energy-sensitive and affected by many factors. In order to achieve optimal energy management of solar cars, it is necessary to comprehensively characterize the energy flow of vehicular components. To model these components which are hard to formulate, this study stimulates a solar car with the digital twin (DT) technology to accurately characterize energy. Based on the hybrid modeling approach combining mechanistic and data-driven technologies, the DT model of a solar car is established with a designed cloud platform server based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to realize data interaction between physical and virtual entities. The DT model is further modified by the offline optimization data of drive motors, and the energy consumption is evaluated with the DT system in the real-world experiment. Specifically, the energy consumption error between the experiment and simulation is less than 5.17%, which suggests that the established DT model can accurately stimulate energy consumption. Generally, this study lays the foundation for subsequent performance optimization research.

ACS Style

Luchang Bai; Youtong Zhang; Hongqian Wei; Junbo Dong; Wei Tian. Digital Twin Modeling of a Solar Car Based on the Hybrid Model Method with Data-Driven and Mechanistic. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6399 .

AMA Style

Luchang Bai, Youtong Zhang, Hongqian Wei, Junbo Dong, Wei Tian. Digital Twin Modeling of a Solar Car Based on the Hybrid Model Method with Data-Driven and Mechanistic. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (14):6399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luchang Bai; Youtong Zhang; Hongqian Wei; Junbo Dong; Wei Tian. 2021. "Digital Twin Modeling of a Solar Car Based on the Hybrid Model Method with Data-Driven and Mechanistic." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14: 6399.

Research article
Published: 09 February 2021 in E3S Web of Conferences
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The axial flux with amorphous alloy stators has the virtues of high power density, high torque density, compact structure. But specific to the disadvantage of restricted space of in-wheel, the compact axial flux in-wheel motor was proposed in this paper. The in-wheel motor’s performance affects the dynamic and security of electric vehicles directly. And the electromagnetic loss has a significant impact on in-wheel motor performance. To demonstrate the influence of electromagnetic loss on the thermal behavior of the machine, thermal analyses employing magneto-thermal coupling simulations have been performed. Then the experimental prototype was manufactured and tested. The simulation of the output power model was verified by test value, proving that the magneto-thermal coupling simulation is feasible. Therefore, this design technique provides a reference for the in-wheel motor structure.

ACS Style

Haishi Dou; Youtong Zhang; Tao Li; Qiang Ai. Investigation of Axial Flux In-Wheel Motor Performances Based on Multiphysics Analysis. E3S Web of Conferences 2021, 236, 01019 .

AMA Style

Haishi Dou, Youtong Zhang, Tao Li, Qiang Ai. Investigation of Axial Flux In-Wheel Motor Performances Based on Multiphysics Analysis. E3S Web of Conferences. 2021; 236 ():01019.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haishi Dou; Youtong Zhang; Tao Li; Qiang Ai. 2021. "Investigation of Axial Flux In-Wheel Motor Performances Based on Multiphysics Analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 236, no. : 01019.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2020 in Energy Reports
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Flux-weakening control strategy of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines have a massive significance to enlarge the operational speed of electric vehicles (EVs) and to facilitate the power integration. However, how to keep the torque stability and achieve the fast response should be given the top priority. In order to facilitate the flux-weakening control application on EVs, a novel flux-weakening control strategy with fast transient current response is proposed. In detail, the change of dynamic voltage margin and its response are analyzed in this paper. Accordingly, the flux-weakening control is proposed through the collaborative control of the dynamic current compensation and the d-axis current-error adjustment. To fully evaluate effectiveness of proposed strategy, the traditional PI-based voltage-closed flux-weakening and the low-pass-filter method are constructed for comparison. The simulation and experimental results illustrate that the proposed strategy can achieve the fast torque response and also have the capacity to reduce the torque fluctuation of the stable state.

ACS Style

Hongqian Wei; Jingzhen Yu; Youtong Zhang; Qiang Ai. High-speed control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous machines in electric vehicles drives: Analysis of dynamic torque response and instantaneous current compensation. Energy Reports 2020, 6, 2324 -2335.

AMA Style

Hongqian Wei, Jingzhen Yu, Youtong Zhang, Qiang Ai. High-speed control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous machines in electric vehicles drives: Analysis of dynamic torque response and instantaneous current compensation. Energy Reports. 2020; 6 ():2324-2335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongqian Wei; Jingzhen Yu; Youtong Zhang; Qiang Ai. 2020. "High-speed control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous machines in electric vehicles drives: Analysis of dynamic torque response and instantaneous current compensation." Energy Reports 6, no. : 2324-2335.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2019 in Journal of Power Sources
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The performance of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) depends on the energy management strategy (EMS). An optimal EMS guarantees the maximum use of the energy through electric power grid, coordinates power output of main power sources and exerts comprehensive advantages of both engine and motor. However, the current EMS cannot react to the dynamic driving cycles in the future and thus have a bad real-time performance. In order to solve these problems, a novel EMS based on rule-based energy strategy (RE), dynamic programming algorithm (DP) and equivalent fuel consumption algorithm (ECMS) is proposed. First, DP is used to extract the boundary of mode switching and shift schedule under three typical driving cycles in offline, especially, RE is corrected using the boundary of mode switching. Second, an instantaneous optimization strategy-ECMS is used to replace the Charge-Depleting Mode (CD) of RE for finding the real-time optimal solution in a wider range in online, in this part, owe to the fixed distance of urban public transport, a reference State of Charge (SOC) is formulated, and the Proportion-Integration (PI) algorithm is used to make the actual SOC always follow the reference SOC by adjusting the equivalent factor. Finally, combine all the above efforts, a real-time optimization EMS is proposed and validated through simulation and experiment. The results show that this approach can significantly enhance the vehicle drivability, with overall obvious improvement of the comprehensive performance qualification based on both fuel economy and drivability.

ACS Style

LiKang Fan; Youtong Zhang; Haishi Dou; Runnan Zou. Design of an integrated energy management strategy for a plug-in hybrid electric bus. Journal of Power Sources 2019, 448, 227391 .

AMA Style

LiKang Fan, Youtong Zhang, Haishi Dou, Runnan Zou. Design of an integrated energy management strategy for a plug-in hybrid electric bus. Journal of Power Sources. 2019; 448 ():227391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

LiKang Fan; Youtong Zhang; Haishi Dou; Runnan Zou. 2019. "Design of an integrated energy management strategy for a plug-in hybrid electric bus." Journal of Power Sources 448, no. : 227391.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2018 in Energies
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Plug-in hybrid electric buses (PHEBs) is some of the most promising products to address air pollution and the energy crisis. Considering the switching between different working modes often bring aboutsudden changes of the torque and the speed of different power sources, which may lead to the instability of the power output and affect the driving performance and ride comfort, it is of great significance to develop a real-time optimal energy management strategy for PHEBs to achieve the optimization of fuel economy and drivability. In this study, the proposed strategy includes an offline part and an online part. In the offline part, firstly, the energy conversion coefficient s(t) is optimized by linear weight particle swarm optimization algorithm (LinWPSO), then, the optimization results of s(t) are converted into a 2-dimensional look-up table. Secondly, combined with three typical driving cycle conditions, the gear-shifting correction and mode switching boundary parameters that affect the drivabilityof the vehicle are extracted by dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. In the online part, combined with the s(t), the gear-shifting correction and mode switching boundary parameters which are obtained through offline optimization, the real-time energy management strategy is proposed to solve the trade-off problem between minimizing the fuel consumption and improving the drivability and riding comfort. Finally, the proposed strategy is verified with simulation, the results show that the proposed strategy can guarantee the engine and the electric motor (EM) work in the high-efficiency area with optimal energy distribution while keeping drivability in the variation of driving circle. The overall performance is improved by 18.54% compared with the rule-based control strategy. The proposed strategy may provide theoretical support for the optimal control of PHEB.

ACS Style

Ye Yang; Youtong Zhang; Jingyi Tian; Si Zhang. Research on a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Bus Energy Management Strategy Considering Drivability. Energies 2018, 11, 2177 .

AMA Style

Ye Yang, Youtong Zhang, Jingyi Tian, Si Zhang. Research on a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Bus Energy Management Strategy Considering Drivability. Energies. 2018; 11 (8):2177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ye Yang; Youtong Zhang; Jingyi Tian; Si Zhang. 2018. "Research on a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Bus Energy Management Strategy Considering Drivability." Energies 11, no. 8: 2177.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2018 in Energies
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In order to simplify the application and improve diagnostic speed of the diagnostics, a novel method to diagnose multiple open circuit faults in insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) by three-phase currents for power inverter in electric vehicles is presented. The summation of currents with semi-period phase-difference is described in diagnostic variables with exploration of the current information in faulty condition. In contrast with plentiful existing methods which rely on the motor models and control parameters, this algorithm merely requires phase currents. Meanwhile, the normalized way based on the absolute phase currents and variable parameter moving average method are applied to improve the diagnostic speed and independence of load variation, which contributes to the real-time application in the electric vehicles. Experimental results, using a vector-controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and digital signal processor MC56F8346, are presented to verify the algorithm effectiveness, showing many features, such as applicability for multiple open circuit faults, well-robustness against false alarms, briefness and agility for the diagnosis function.

ACS Style

Hongqian Wei; Youtong Zhang; Lei Yu; Mengzhu Zhang; Khaled Teffah. A New Diagnostic Algorithm for Multiple IGBTs Open Circuit Faults by the Phase Currents for Power Inverter in Electric Vehicles. Energies 2018, 11, 1508 .

AMA Style

Hongqian Wei, Youtong Zhang, Lei Yu, Mengzhu Zhang, Khaled Teffah. A New Diagnostic Algorithm for Multiple IGBTs Open Circuit Faults by the Phase Currents for Power Inverter in Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2018; 11 (6):1508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongqian Wei; Youtong Zhang; Lei Yu; Mengzhu Zhang; Khaled Teffah. 2018. "A New Diagnostic Algorithm for Multiple IGBTs Open Circuit Faults by the Phase Currents for Power Inverter in Electric Vehicles." Energies 11, no. 6: 1508.

Letter
Published: 07 March 2018 in Energies
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In this work, a modeling and experimental study of a new thermoelectric cooler–thermoelectric generator (TEC-TEG) module is investigated. The studied module is composed of TEC, TEG and total system heatsink, all connected thermally in series. An input voltage (1–5 V) passes through the TEC where the electrons by means of Peltier effect entrain the heat from the upper side of the module to the lower one creating temperature difference; TEG plays the role of a partial heatsink for the TEC by transferring this waste heat to the total system heatsink and converting an amount of this heat into electricity by a phenomenon called Seebeck effect, of the thermoelectric modules. The performance of the TEG as partial heatsink of TEC at different input voltages is demonstrated theoretically using the modeling software COMSOL Multiphysics. Moreover, the experiment validates the simulation result which smooths the path for a new manufacturing thermoelectric cascade model for the cooling and the immediate electric power generation.

ACS Style

Khaled Teffah; Youtong Zhang; Xiao-Long Mou. Modeling and Experimentation of New Thermoelectric Cooler–Thermoelectric Generator Module. Energies 2018, 11, 576 .

AMA Style

Khaled Teffah, Youtong Zhang, Xiao-Long Mou. Modeling and Experimentation of New Thermoelectric Cooler–Thermoelectric Generator Module. Energies. 2018; 11 (3):576.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khaled Teffah; Youtong Zhang; Xiao-Long Mou. 2018. "Modeling and Experimentation of New Thermoelectric Cooler–Thermoelectric Generator Module." Energies 11, no. 3: 576.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Solar Energy
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An experimental research of a novel combination, within a photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TE) system, for high concentrated solar energy (×300–1000) conversion to electricity is presented. Our hybrid system contains, at its core; a triple junction solar cell (TJSC); a thermoelectric cooler (TEC); a thermoelectric generator (TEG), all settled thermally in series respectively. The thermoelectric cooler enhances the solar cell efficiency by pumping its excess heat through the Peltier effect; the thermoelectric generator plays the role of a heat sink for the TEC, converting some of this waste-heat into electricity by means of the Seebeck effect. The basic steady state finite element modeling demonstrates the contribution of the TEC-TEG Module, inflating the overall efficiency of the hybrid system for high solar concentrated irradiation; the experimental and simulation results are matched. All of which evokes a new system that takes into consideration the PV electric power generation, without compromising the cooling potential and the immediate electric production of the thermoelectric devices.

ACS Style

Khaled Teffah; Youtong Zhang. Modeling and experimental research of hybrid PV-thermoelectric system for high concentrated solar energy conversion. Solar Energy 2017, 157, 10 -19.

AMA Style

Khaled Teffah, Youtong Zhang. Modeling and experimental research of hybrid PV-thermoelectric system for high concentrated solar energy conversion. Solar Energy. 2017; 157 ():10-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khaled Teffah; Youtong Zhang. 2017. "Modeling and experimental research of hybrid PV-thermoelectric system for high concentrated solar energy conversion." Solar Energy 157, no. : 10-19.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2017 in Energies
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To improve the diagnostic detection speed in electric vehicles, a novel diagnostic algorithm of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) open circuit faults for power inverters is proposed in this paper. The average of the difference between the actual three-phase current and referential three-phase current values over one electrical period is used as the diagnostic variable. The normalization method based on the amplitude of the d-q axis referential current is applied to the diagnostic variables to improve the response speed of diagnosis, and to avoid the noise and the delay caused by signal acquisition. In the parameter discretization process, the variable parameter moving average method (VPMAM) is adopted to solve the variation of the average value over a period with the speed of the motor; hence, the diagnostic reliability of the system is improved. This algorithm is robust, independent of load variations, and has a high resistivity against false alarms. Since only the three-phase current of the motor is utilized for calculations in the time domain, a fast diagnostic detection speed can be achieved, which is significantly essential for real-time control in electric vehicles. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by both simulation and experimental results.

ACS Style

Lei Yu; Youtong Zhang; Wenqing Huang; Khaled Teffah. A Fast-Acting Diagnostic Algorithm of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Open Circuit Faults for Power Inverters in Electric Vehicles. Energies 2017, 10, 552 .

AMA Style

Lei Yu, Youtong Zhang, Wenqing Huang, Khaled Teffah. A Fast-Acting Diagnostic Algorithm of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Open Circuit Faults for Power Inverters in Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2017; 10 (4):552.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Yu; Youtong Zhang; Wenqing Huang; Khaled Teffah. 2017. "A Fast-Acting Diagnostic Algorithm of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Open Circuit Faults for Power Inverters in Electric Vehicles." Energies 10, no. 4: 552.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2017 in Energies
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In this paper, an effective method to achieve accurate and efficient torque control of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) in electric vehicles, based on low-resolution Hall-effect sensors, is proposed. The high-resolution rotor position is estimated by a proportional integral (PI) regulator using the deviation between actual output power and reference output power. This method can compensate for the Hall position sensor mounting error, and estimate rotor position continuously and accurately. The permanent magnetic flux linkage is also estimated based on a current PI controller. Other important parameters, such as the d-axis and q-axis inductances, stator resistance, and energy loss, are measured offline by experiments. The measured parameters are saved as lookup tables which cover the entire current operating range at different current levels. Based on these accurate parameters, a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy, combined with the feedforward parameter iteration method, can be achieved for accurate and efficient torque control. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by both simulation and experimental results.

ACS Style

Lei Yu; Youtong Zhang; Wenqing Huang. Accurate and Efficient Torque Control of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Based on Hall-Effect Sensors. Energies 2017, 10, 410 .

AMA Style

Lei Yu, Youtong Zhang, Wenqing Huang. Accurate and Efficient Torque Control of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Based on Hall-Effect Sensors. Energies. 2017; 10 (3):410.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Yu; Youtong Zhang; Wenqing Huang. 2017. "Accurate and Efficient Torque Control of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Based on Hall-Effect Sensors." Energies 10, no. 3: 410.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2016 in Energies
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Since the Euro-ІІІ standard was adopted, the main methods to inhibit NOx production in diesel engines are exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and select catalyst reduction (SCR). On these methods SCR offers great fuel economy, so it has received wide attention. However, there also exists a trade-off law between NOx conversion efficiency and NH3 slip under dynamic conditions. To inhibit NH3 slip with high NOx conversion efficiency, a dynamic control method for a urea water solution (UWS) injection was investigated. The variation phenomena of SCR conversion efficiency with respect to the cross-sensitivity characteristics of the NOx sensor to NH3 have been thoroughly analyzed. The methodology of “uncertain conversion efficiency curve tangent analysis” has been applied to estimate the concentration of the slipped NH3. The correction factor “φ” of UWS injection is obtained by a comparative calculation of the NOx conversion ability and subsequent NH3 slip. It also includes methods of flow compensation and flow reduction. The proposed control method has been authenticated under dynamic conditions. In low frequency dynamic experiments, this control method has accurately justified the NH3 slip process and inhibits the NH3 emission to a lower level thereby improving the conversion efficiency to a value closer to the target value. The results of European transient cycle (ETC) experiments indicate that NH3 emissions are reduced by 90.8% and the emission level of NOx is close to the Euro-Ѵ standard.

ACS Style

Long Li; Wei Lin; Youtong Zhang. A New Dynamic Injection System of Urea-Water Solution for a Vehicular Select Catalyst Reduction System. Energies 2016, 10, 12 .

AMA Style

Long Li, Wei Lin, Youtong Zhang. A New Dynamic Injection System of Urea-Water Solution for a Vehicular Select Catalyst Reduction System. Energies. 2016; 10 (1):12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Long Li; Wei Lin; Youtong Zhang. 2016. "A New Dynamic Injection System of Urea-Water Solution for a Vehicular Select Catalyst Reduction System." Energies 10, no. 1: 12.

Conference paper
Published: 12 October 2015 in MATEC Web of Conferences
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SCR (selective catalytic reduction) system is continuously being analyzed by many researchers worldwide on various concerns due to the stringent nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions legislation for heavy-duty diesel engines. Urea-SCR includes AdBlue as urea source, which subsequently decomposes to NH3 (ammonia) being the reducing agent. Reaction temperature is a key factor for the performance of urea-SCR system, as urea decomposition rate is sensitive to a specific temperature range. This particular study was directed to investigate the temperature of the SCR system in diesel engine with the objective to confirm that whether the appropriate temperature is attained for occurrence of urea based catalytic reduction or otherwise and how the system performs on the prescribed temperature range. Diesel engine fitted with urea-SCR exhaust system has been operated on European standard cycle for emission testing to monitor the temperature and corresponding nitrogen oxides (NOx) values on specified points. Moreover, mathematical expressions for approximation of reaction temperature are also proposed which are derived by applying energy conservation principal and gas laws. Results of the investigation have shown that during the whole testing cycle system temperature has remained in the range where urea-SCR can take place with best optimum rate and the system performance on account of NOx reduction was exemplary as excellent NOx conversion rate is achieved. It has also been confirmed that selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is the best suitable technology for automotive engine-out NOx control.

ACS Style

Muhammad Asif; Youtong Zhang; Wei Lin. Urea-SCR Temperature Investigation for NOx Control of Diesel Engine. MATEC Web of Conferences 2015, 26, 3002 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Asif, Youtong Zhang, Wei Lin. Urea-SCR Temperature Investigation for NOx Control of Diesel Engine. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2015; 26 ():3002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Asif; Youtong Zhang; Wei Lin. 2015. "Urea-SCR Temperature Investigation for NOx Control of Diesel Engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 26, no. : 3002.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2015 in Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering
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ACS Style

Wei Lin; Youtong Zhang; Malik Asif. Dynamic flow control strategies of vehicle SCR Urea Dosing System. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015, 28, 276 -284.

AMA Style

Wei Lin, Youtong Zhang, Malik Asif. Dynamic flow control strategies of vehicle SCR Urea Dosing System. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2015; 28 (2):276-284.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Lin; Youtong Zhang; Malik Asif. 2015. "Dynamic flow control strategies of vehicle SCR Urea Dosing System." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 28, no. 2: 276-284.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2015 in Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering
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ACS Style

Pimao Li; Youtong Zhang; Tieshuan Li; Lizhe Xie. Elimination of fuel pressure fluctuation and multi-injection fuel mass deviation of high pressure common-rail fuel injection system. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015, 28, 294 -306.

AMA Style

Pimao Li, Youtong Zhang, Tieshuan Li, Lizhe Xie. Elimination of fuel pressure fluctuation and multi-injection fuel mass deviation of high pressure common-rail fuel injection system. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2015; 28 (2):294-306.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pimao Li; Youtong Zhang; Tieshuan Li; Lizhe Xie. 2015. "Elimination of fuel pressure fluctuation and multi-injection fuel mass deviation of high pressure common-rail fuel injection system." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 28, no. 2: 294-306.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2010 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
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Almost all HEV battery control strategies keep the battery state of charge (SOC) within a lower limit (SOCmin) (these strategies also called charge sustaining strategies). The goal from sustaining the SOC in this way is to prolong the battery life. But the question is; what is the optimal value of (SOCmin) for a battery, to achieve best fuel economy and longer battery life at the same time?; knowing that when (SOCmin) is too low (around SOCmin=0.2) we get good fuel economy per one speed cycle but the battery dies soon and cannot perform a lot of cycles, but when (SOCmin) is high (around SOCmin=0.8) the battery can survive for a larger number of speed cycle but with poor fuel economy per cycle. The objective of this paper is to propose a method to investigate and solve this problem by simulation using Simulink environment; we used the manufacture’s data of a Ni-MH battery, empiric equations, and appropriate control strategy to find the optimal value of (SOCmin). The study shows that, for best fuel economy per one cycle; the (SOCmin) value must be as small as possible, for longer battery life; the (SOCmin) value is about (SOCmin=0.85) and for the optimal case (which is the total improvement brought by the battery from first time use until its end of life); the optimal (SOCmin) value is about (SOCmin=0.7).

ACS Style

Boukehili Adel; Zhang Youtong; Sun Shuai. Simulation and Comparison of HEV Battery Control for Best Fuel Economy and Longer Battery Life. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2010, 4, 421 -426.

AMA Style

Boukehili Adel, Zhang Youtong, Sun Shuai. Simulation and Comparison of HEV Battery Control for Best Fuel Economy and Longer Battery Life. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2010; 4 (2):421-426.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boukehili Adel; Zhang Youtong; Sun Shuai. 2010. "Simulation and Comparison of HEV Battery Control for Best Fuel Economy and Longer Battery Life." World Electric Vehicle Journal 4, no. 2: 421-426.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2010 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
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In this paper, a parallel HEV hybrid controller is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Using the driver commands, the battery state of charge and the engine map, a set of efficient rules has been developed to efficiently split the power between the engine and the motor. The steps are: 1) Estimate the instantaneous torque demand. 2) Using the estimated torque, the feedback signals and the engine map, find the best operating point and then split the power and let the engine work as near as possible to this efficient point, that can be done by controlling the motor (or generator). In the case of motor, let its torque supply the rest of the torque needed, while the engine works near its efficient point, or in the case of generator, let its torque supply an additional load to put the engine in an efficient point. 3) Control the motor to supply the transient torque demand, and keep the engine torque constant as long time as possible, this help to reduce fuel consumption. Finally simulations of a conventional and hybrid vehicle are performed using Simulink environment to check the controller and series of results will prove the effectiveness of the proposed controller and will show the advantage of hybrid powertrain over conventional one in term of fuel economy.

ACS Style

Boukehili Adel; Youtong Zhang; Shuai Sun. Parallel HEV Hybrid Controller Modeling for Power Management. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2010, 4, 190 -196.

AMA Style

Boukehili Adel, Youtong Zhang, Shuai Sun. Parallel HEV Hybrid Controller Modeling for Power Management. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2010; 4 (1):190-196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boukehili Adel; Youtong Zhang; Shuai Sun. 2010. "Parallel HEV Hybrid Controller Modeling for Power Management." World Electric Vehicle Journal 4, no. 1: 190-196.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2007 in New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research
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To calculate the scalar dissipation rate in the non-premixed turbulent combustion different formulations for the conditional scalar dissipation rate are deducted. The scalar dissipation rate is an extremely important parameter in the turbulent combustion, since it alone accounts for effects of turbulent strain and stretch and represents the inverse of a characteristic diffusion time and as such it determines the rate of exchange of mass and energy. In the infinite unsteady one-dimensional laminar mixing layer, the similar coordinate and the complementary error function are introduced and the governed equation is transformed and the model 1 is got. However, the infinite unsteady one-dimensional laminar mixing layer is inadequate in describing the actual mixing processes taking place when a fuel jet is issued into the surrounding air. In the confined unsteady one-dimensional laminar mixing layer, a different set of boundary conditions is applied and the model 2 is obtained by applying the Fourier-transformation. It should be emphasized that this expression represents the solution at a certain time, which can be related to an axial location. Furthermore, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for non-linear curve-fitting is employed to carry out the model 3. Use of the model is restricted to the duration of injection, during which the bounds of the mixture fraction spectrums are assumed to be zero and one. Finally, the scalar dissipation rate and the mixture fracture PDF (probability density function) in the three models are calculated by using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) code and the different results are compared and evaluated. It gives the theory and method about calculating the scalar dissipation rate exactly in the non-premixed turbulent combustion.

ACS Style

Y. F. Liu; Y. T. Zhang; H. S. Tian; J. J. Qin. Numerical Simulation of the Scalar Dissipation Rate in the Non-Premixed Turbulent Combustion. New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research 2007, 177 -177.

AMA Style

Y. F. Liu, Y. T. Zhang, H. S. Tian, J. J. Qin. Numerical Simulation of the Scalar Dissipation Rate in the Non-Premixed Turbulent Combustion. New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research. 2007; ():177-177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y. F. Liu; Y. T. Zhang; H. S. Tian; J. J. Qin. 2007. "Numerical Simulation of the Scalar Dissipation Rate in the Non-Premixed Turbulent Combustion." New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research , no. : 177-177.