The incidence of malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy is estimated at 1 in 1000 pregnancies, with cervical cancer being the most common gynecological malignancy in this population. The increasing maternal age and widespread use of prenatal screening contribute to the rising detection rates. Early symptoms of cervical cancer, such as vaginal bleeding or discharge, often mimic normal pregnancy changes, leading to potential delays in diagnosis. Cervical dysplasia, a known precursor of cervical cancer, is closely associated with high-risk HPV infection, which affects approximately 25% of women of reproductive age. Screening using cytology and HPV testing is considered safe and effective during pregnancy in early detection. Colposcopy remains the gold standard in further diagnostics, with targeted biopsy indicated in selected cases. In cases of high-grade lesions (CIN II/III), conservative management is often preferred, as more than 60% of lesions regress postpartum. Invasive cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is rare, with an estimated incidence of 1.4–4.6 per 100,000 pregnancies. Management decisions depend on gestational age, cancer stage, and the patient’s reproductive preference. Chemotherapy can be administered after the first trimester with acceptable maternal and fetal safety profiles. This review presents current evidence on screening, diagnostic pathways, and treatment strategies. It emphasizes the importance of individualized care, multidisciplinary collaboration, and shared decision-making to optimize outcomes for both mother and fetus.

Background and Clinical Significance: Twin pregnancies are associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations. One of them is rare but lethal—acrania—which belongs to the group of neural tube defects. The pathogenesis of acrania is not fully understood. It is presumed that the underlying mechanism of its development is a disorder of migration of mesenchymal tissue. The presence of an acrania in one of the twins may lead to complications such as polyhydramnios, preterm labor, or, in severe cases, an intrauterine death in one or both twins. Case Presentation: A 30-year-old woman (G4P4) was admitted to the Labor Department of a tertiary hospital in 30+3 weeks due to preterm labor. The patient was in a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy with a single lethal fetal anomaly and severe polyhydramnios of a second twin. Hence, the caesarean section was immediately performed. Both twins were admitted to the Neonatology Department. The healthy neonate was hospitalized and discharged after 42 days in good condition. Palliative care for the twin with acrania was provided. Conclusions: Early detection of acrania in twin pregnancies is critical. It allows the implementation of appropriate management and targeted counseling, thereby minimizing the risk of complications both for unaffected twins and the mothers. Our case is a good model of action where a twin pregnancy with a diagnosed lethal defect in an ambulatory setting was managed, providing holistic specialized care.

Introduction Urinary bladder endometriosis (BE) is a rare but significant condition, which may co-occur with vesicouterine pouch endometriosis (EVUP). Our study examined the outcomes of laparoscopic surgeries for BE and EVUP. Material and methods Twenty-nine patients who underwent the...