Background: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the prevailing form of autoimmune thyroiditis and the leading cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on HT through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: The databases searched included PubMed, and others. We included RCTs that the treatment group received vitamin D, while the control group received either a placebo or no treatment. The studies measured the baseline and endpoint levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab). We performed a meta-analysis to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 12 studies involving 862 individuals were included. Vitamin D supplementation has a significant impact on reducing the titers of TPO-Ab (SMD = −1.084, 95% CI = −1.624 to −0.545) and TG-Ab (SMD = −0.996, 95% CI = −1.579 to −0.413) in patients with HT, and it also improves thyroid function by decreasing TSH level (SMD = −0.167, 95% CI = −0.302 to 0.031) and increasing FT3 (SMD = 0.549, 95% CI = 0.077–1.020) and FT4 (SMD = 0.734, 95% CI = 0.184–1.285) levels. Active vitamin D (calcitriol) significantly reduces the titer of TPO-Ab compared to naive forms of vitamin D (vitamin D₂ or D₃); treatment durations > 12 weeks result in a more effective reduction of TPO-Ab levels and a more significant increase in FT4 and FT3 levels in patients with HT (meta-regression P < .05). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation may have beneficial effects on HT patients by modulating immune responses and improving thyroid function.

Objective. To investigate the effects of static magnetic field (SMF) on cutaneous wound healing of Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats.Methods. 20 STZ-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups (10 in each group): diabetic rats with SMF exposure group which were exposed to SMF by gluing one magnetic disk of 230 mT intensity and diabetic rats with sham SMF exposure group (sham group). 10 normal Wistar rats were used as the control group. One open circular wound with 2 cm diameter in the dorsum was generated on both normal and diabetic rats and then covered with sterile gauzes. Wound healing was evaluated by wound area reduction rate, mean time to wound closure, and wound tensile strength.Results. The wound area reduction rate in diabetic rats in comparison with the control group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with sham magnet group, diabetic rats under 230 mT SMF exposure demonstrated significantly accelerated wound area reduction rate on postoperative days 7, 14, and 21 and decreased gross time to wound closure (P<0.05), as well as dramatically higher wound tissue strength (P<0.05) on 21st day.Conclusion. 230 mT SMF promoted the healing of skin wound in diabetic rats and may provide a non-invasive therapeutic tool for impaired wound healing of diabetic patients.

Objective. To investigate the effect of acarbose therapy on the long-term prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) complicating newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).Methodology. 135 patients hospitalized for ACS who had been newly diagnosed with IGT were randomly assigned to acarbose group (150 mg/day,n=67) or control group (no acarbose,n=68). All cases in each group were given the same elementary treatment. Mean follow-up was 2.3 years. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and carotid intima-middle thickness (CIMT) were statistically analyzed.Results. During the mean follow-up of 2.3 years, the risk of recurrent MACE in acarbose group was decreased significantly compared with that in control group (26.67% versus 46.88%,P<0.05); at the same time, thickening of the CIMT was significantly slower than the control group ((1.28 ± 0.42) mm versus (1.51 ± 0.64) mm,P<0.05).Conclusions. Acarbose can effectively reduce the risk of MACE in ACS patients with newly diagnosed IGT, simultaneously retarding the progression of carotid intima-media thickness.

Aims: This mediation analysis was aimed at examining whether ghrelin mediates the association between gut microbiota and glucose metabolic indices. Materials and Methods: Fifty‐five patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Serum ghrelin levels were measured by ELISA. Fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed, and gut microbiota differences were assessed using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). The relative abundance values of differential bacteria were extracted to correlate with ghrelin and glucose metabolic indices. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate ghrelin’s effect on the relationship between bacterial abundance and glucose metabolic indices. Results: Acylated ghrelin (AG) levels were significantly elevated in the T2DM group and showed positive correlations with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), C‐peptide (CP), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Microbial analysis revealed decreased abundances of Akkermansia , Lachnospira , and Phocaeicola , but increased abundances of Enterobacter , Escherichia , Megamonas , Segatella , Streptococcus , and Leyella in T2DM. AG levels were negatively correlated with Akkermansia abundance. HbA1c and FBG showed positive correlations with Enterobacter , Segatella , and Leyella abundances, but negative correlations with Akkermansia , Lachnospira , and Phocaeicola abundances. HOMA‐IR was positively correlated with Segatella , Leyella , and Streptococcus abundances, but negatively correlated with Akkermansia and Lachnospira abundances. Mediation analysis demonstrated that serum AG partially mediated the association between Akkermansia abundance and both HOMA‐IR (26.15%) and HbA1c (27.91%). Conclusions: AG mediated the relationship between Akkermansia abundance and HOMA‐IR as well as HbA1c.

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) has shown a rising prevalence worldwide. While numerous studies have explored the relationship between vitamin D levels and TC risk, their conclusions remain inconsistent.Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels, vitamin D deficiency, and TC based on existing evidence.Methods: We systematically searched the Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed databases for human studies investigating the relationship between vitamin D and TC including a control group. A random-effects model with forest plots was employed to calculate the mean difference (MD) in serum vitamin D levels, the odds ratio (OR) for vitamin D deficiency, and the risk difference (RD) between TC cases and controls. Meta-regressions and subgroup analyses were conducted based on the season of serum 25(OH)D sampling, source of controls, timing of measurement, study type, and testing methods of 25(OH)D. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 23 studies were included. The meta-analysis revealed that TC patients had significantly lower serum vitamin D compared to the controls [SMD = −0.38 (95% CI: −0.62 to −0.14)].Additionally, vitamin D deficiency was significantly more prevalent among TC patients (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.73, P < 0.05). The subgroup analyses demonstrated significant differences across most subgroups, except for post-operative measurements. Seasonal variation in 25(OH)D sampling was identified as a key source of heterogeneity.Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggests that lower serum vitamin D levels and vitamin D deficiency are significantly associated with an increased risk of TC. However, further studies with standardized protocols for seasonal sampling of vitamin D, source of control, measurement timing, study type, and testing methods of 25(OH)D are needed to clarify this relationship and its underlying mechanisms.