Zn1−xNixTe thin films with different composition (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) were deposited on glass substrate by electron beam evaporation technique followed by its characterization using advanced structural and optical analysis techniques. Structural properties of the prepared thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns revealed that the binary compounds transformed into a ternary compound with cubic structure having preferred orientation along the c-direction with (111) planes. Composition analysis of the films was determined by energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and found to be in agreement with the precursor composition. Optical properties such as extinction coefficient (k) and band gap energy of these films were examined by using a spectroscopic ellipsometer. It was found that the extinction coefficient (k) increased with the addition of Ni content in the alloy. In comparison, the band gap energy was also determined by using transmission spectra and found to be agreed with that of the ellipsometric results. These analyses confirm that the band gap energy decreases with the increase of Ni content in the alloy

Aceh merupakan salah satu wilayah konflik terlama di Asia Tenggara. Konflik Aceh-Jakarta memakan waktu 60 (enam puluh) tahun lamanya, sejak Indonesia berproses mendapatkan kemerdekaan penuh dari kolonial Belanda dan berakhir dengan lahirnya perundingan MoU Helsinki tahun 2005 di Aceh. Dalam rentang waktu tersebut, hubungan Aceh-Jakarta telah mengalami pasang surut dengan empat kali perundingan damai dan empat kali pemberian otonomi khusus sebagai solusi penyelesaian konflik Aceh-Jakarta. Tulisan ini mengkaji alasan-alasan yang mendasari terjadinya konflik masa lalu Aceh-Jakarta dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan hubungan Aceh-Jakarta pasca MoU Helsinki 2005 mengalami pasang surut. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah deskriftif-kualitatif dengan teknik observasi partisipatif, yaitu observasi dan partisipasi langsung pada objek kajian yang sedang berlaku di Aceh. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengkhianatan dan ketidakjujuran pemerintah di Jakarta pada setiap perundingan penyelesaian Aceh adalah akar konflik Aceh-Jakarta sepanjang masa, seperti pembatalan Qanun Bendera dan Lambang Aceh, pemaksaan penundaan Pilkada Aceh dari 2022 ke 2024, sehingga hubungan politik Aceh-Jakarta pasca MoU Helsinki belum begitu stabil dan harmonis seperti yang dicita-citakan masyarakat Aceh

Lipids are essential for animal physiology; however, dysregulated lipid metabolism can induce metabolic stress and impair growth, development, and reproduction. Metabolic homeostasis depends on endocrine-immune system interactions, yet how lipid droplets and organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, and peroxisomes, contribute to stress‑induced lipid dysregulation remains unclear. The present study aimed to synthesize current evidence on redox-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism and lipid metabolic disorders in animals, highlighting recent advances, and identify key directions for future studies. The present study summarized evidence on how different dietary lipid classes influence metabolism and animal health, as well as the role of bioactive nutrients in metabolic programming. The current study described the endocrine functions of the liver, gut, and adipose tissue, as well as the stress-related interactions among these organs. The present study indicated how lipid droplets engaged in dynamic organelle interactions during stress progression and evaluated the potential of lipid‑focused nutritional interventions as personalized mitigation strategies. In addition, gut microbiota-derived metabolites and related pathways that contribute to redox imbalance, organelle dysfunction, and stress-associated lipid dysregulation were explored. The current study demonstrated that stress-induced disruptions in lipid metabolism involve intricate, multi-organ, and multi-organelle mechanisms driven by redox changes.

Genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS) liquid chip is a cutting-edge genomic tool that enables the efficient detection of genetic markers for economically important traits, including milk yield, fat content, and disease resistance, in milk goats. The present study aimed to review the development, validation, and application of the GBTS liquid chip in goat genomics, emphasizing its role in precision breeding. The methodology involved extracting DNA from different goat breeds, designing probes for specific gene markers, performing genotyping using the GBTS liquid chip, verifying detected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through whole-genome resequencing, and assessing chip repeatability across batches. Sequence alignment, variant calling, and genome-wide association studies were conducted using bioinformatics tools such as BWA, PLINK, and GATK to ensure accurate identification of SNP loci. Advanced statistical methods, including principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree construction, are employed to demonstrate the chip's effectiveness in distinguishing genetic diversity and relationships among breeds. Functional annotation through databases such as Ensembl and KEGG helped interpret the biological roles of identified markers, while genomic prediction models, including genomic best linear unbiased prediction and BayesC, estimate breeding values for targeted selection. This integrated strategy, combining high-throughput genomic technologies, microfluidic platforms, and computational analysis, demonstrated the potential of GBTS liquid chip technology to enhance goat breeding programs by improving productivity, conserving genetic diversity, and ensuring sustainability.

Introduction: The Australorp chicken, known for its exceptional egg production and adaptability, is a valuable genetic resource for the poultry industry. However, the molecular basis underlying their distinctive traits remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to identify novel genes and genetic variants associated with key production traits in Australorp chickens by performing a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis combined with an in silico genome-wide association study (GWAS). Materials and methods: Whole-genome sequencing data from 12 Australorp chickens were compared with data from four other breeds, including ten Rhode Island Red, eight Leghorn, ten Plymouth Rock, and six Red Jungle Fowl. Quality control and preprocessing were applied to ensure high-quality genomic data for downstream analyses. Comparative genomic analysis revealed several breed-specific genetic variants in Australorp chickens, affecting 50 genes functionally involved in metabolic and reproductive pathways, and 30 genes with reduced or altered functional annotations compared to other breeds. Principal component analysis revealed clear genetic differentiation among Australorp chickens, confirming their distinct genetic structure. Results: In silico GWAS identified significant associations between novel candidate genes (GENE 42, GENE 89) and key production traits, including egg production, egg weight, and disease resistance. Functional annotation revealed that these genes, identified in Australorp chickens (Gallus gallus), are mainly involved in metabolic processes, immune response, and reproductive pathways. Notably, several previously unreported genes were discovered that may contribute to the Australorp's superior egg-laying ability and disease resistance in chickens. Conclusion: The present findings offered new insights into the genetic basis of economically important traits in poultry and laid a foundation for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. The novel genes identified in the present study served as potential targets for improving production traits in commercial chicken breeds and helped advance understanding of avian genomics and evolution.

Introduction: Poultry layer breeds have undergone extensive selection for egg production traits, yet the genetic basis of many economically important characteristics remains incompletely understood. In the present study, a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of multiple commercial and indigenous poultry layer breeds was conducted to identify novel genes associated with egg production and disease resistance, such as viral and bacterial infections, particularly through innate immune pathways. Materials and methods: A comprehensive comparative genomic analysis was conducted using whole-genome sequencing data from 135 individuals, including 30 commercial layers (White leghorn and Rhode island red), 90 indigenous chickens from six local breeds, and 15 red jungle fowl representing the ancestral population. Using fixation index scans, haplotype-based selection analysis, and Tajima’s D, genomic regions under positive selection were identified. By integrating gene prediction tools and protein function analysis, 12 novel genes in layer breeds with strong selection signals and potential roles in egg production and immune response were identified. Results: In silico functional analysis, utilizing protein domain annotation, structural modeling, and pathway enrichment, suggested that these novel genes are involved in eggshell formation, egg production, immune response, and metabolic regulation. Notably, GALLUS-NOVEL-3, a previously uncharacterized gene with high predicted oviduct expression and strong selection signatures in commercial layers, may play a role in calcium transport and eggshell mineralization. Protein structure prediction and domain analysis further supported the potential functionality of these novel genes, revealing conserved features linked to reproductive physiology and immune defense. Conclusion: The present findings provided new insight into the genetic basis of economically important traits in layer chickens and highlight promising targets for breeding programs aimed at improving egg production and disease resistance.