Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) represents a significant public health concern, particularly among female populations. Various demographic factors, including age and socioeconomic status, have a substantial impact on overall health outcomes, contributing to the prevalence of IDA. The primary objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of iron deficiency anemia among the adult population and to examine its correlation with various sociodemographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Northern Region of Saudi Arabia between October and December 2024. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 385 participants aged 18 years and older. The Chi-square test was utilized to assess the association between categorical variables. Results: In this study, 42.5% of participants demonstrated good knowledge of IDA, 48.1% had moderate knowledge, and 9.4% showed poor knowledge. Knowledge levels were significantly associated with gender, age, education, and self-perceived IDA status. Women, older individuals, and those with higher levels of education had a greater knowledge of IDA. Regarding attitude, 93% of participants had a positive attitude, while only 7% exhibited a negative attitude. Interestingly, none of the explanatory variables were significantly linked to attitude, suggesting that positive attitude toward IDA was consistent across all demographic groups. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for targeted health initiatives focusing on diet, supplementation, symptom recognition, and prevention to effectively reduce the burden of IDA. Prioritizing education through symposiums and medical programs in high-prevalence regions is crucial.

Eswatini faces one of the highest HIV infection rates globally, largely due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of transmission and prevention methods. This study, utilizing data from the Eswatini Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2020-2021, aimed to identify factors associated with knowledge of HIV/AIDS among individuals aged 15-49. A total of 3665 respondents were analyzed using a retrospective cross-sectional methodology and survey logistics regression. The findings indicated that age, education, media engagement, and Internet usage significantly correlated with comprehensive HIV knowledge. Notably, individuals aged 30-44 had higher odds of knowledge compared to those aged 45-49, while higher education increased knowledge odds over twofold. Additionally, regular reading of newspapers and Internet usage were linked to greater awareness. The study suggests that HIV prevention programs should target adolescents and marginalized groups in Eswatini.