Gene therapy offers a promising new frontier in the treatment of inherited and acquired retinal disease. This review describes the current surgical delivery approaches for gene therapy to the retina—subretinal, suprachoroidal, and intravitreal—and provides an update on the state of the art for each method in 2025.

Since its introduction, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has significantly progressed in addressing its limitations. By integrating artificial intelligence and multimodal imaging, OCT enhances both speed and image quality while reducing its size. OCT continues to advance, offering new possibilities beyond the in-office setting, including intraoperative applications. This review will explore the different types of home OCT and intraoperative OCT, as well as the uses of each device and their future potential in ophthalmology.

Since its introduction, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has significantly progressed in addressing its limitations. By integrating artificial intelligence and multimodal imaging, OCT enhances both speed and image quality while reducing its size. OCT continues to advance, offering new possibilities beyond the in-office setting, including intraoperative applications. This review will explore the different types of home OCT and intraoperative OCT, as well as the uses of each device and their future potential in ophthalmology.

Gene therapy offers a promising new frontier in the treatment of inherited and acquired retinal disease. This review describes the current surgical delivery approaches for gene therapy to the retina — subretinal, suprachoroidal, intravitreal — as well as an update on the state-of-the-art for each method in 2025.