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Lu Jiang
Key Lab for Environmental Computation and Sustainability of Liaoning Province, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

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Review
Published: 23 February 2019 in Sustainability
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Household energy consumption has been a major contributor to the increase in global energy demand and carbon emission, and the household sector has also become one of the most crucial factors shaping the management of developments towards sustainability. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the household energy consumption in China. Due to the vast territory and the differences among regional conditions, it is critical to conduct a systemic review to illustrate the overall situation as well as the detailed mechanisms of the household energy consumption in China. By employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, two key features of the household energy consumption in China are presented; one is regarding the total amount and the structure of the household energy consumption, and the second is the significant urban-rural gap. The driving forces are investigated from the perspective of external determinants and internal determinants, which consist of seven key factors; finally, the transition roadmap towards the sustainable energy system for the household level are presented based on the text analysis from the four key policy documents. Weaknesses in the current research on the energy geography of household level also exist, such as the lack of single factor research and the lack of integration and comprehensive analysis. Therefore, future studies need to strengthen the research of regional household energy consumption structure, spatial-temporal process, and its motivation mechanism, and sustainable development of energy, so as to explore space-social structure of household energy consumption and spatial-temporal interaction.

ACS Style

Lu Jiang; Xingpeng Chen; Bing Xue. Features, Driving Forces and Transition of the Household Energy Consumption in China: A Review. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1186 .

AMA Style

Lu Jiang, Xingpeng Chen, Bing Xue. Features, Driving Forces and Transition of the Household Energy Consumption in China: A Review. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (4):1186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lu Jiang; Xingpeng Chen; Bing Xue. 2019. "Features, Driving Forces and Transition of the Household Energy Consumption in China: A Review." Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1186.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2019 in Sustainability
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The improvement of energy consumption efficiency represents a significant task and a critical step toward sustainable energy transformations. This study uses a data envelopment analysis (DEA) and spatial autocorrelation method to conduct comprehensive measurement and assessment research on the economic-environmental efficiency of energy consumption in 31 Chinese provinces. It then carries out a synthetic study on energy consumption efficiency in the context of temporal and spatial dimensions, analyzes the characteristics and patterns related to temporal and spatial evolution, and systematically summarizes the temporal and spatial evolution processes associated with China’s economic-environmental efficiency in energy consumption. The results show that economic efficiency and environmental efficiency, both directly related to energy consumption, are positively correlated and display a parallel and synchronizing relationship. China’s energy consumption efficiency displays an upward trend in general, although differences exist between economic efficiency and environmental efficiency about the growth rate and overall development level. In other words, economic efficiency is generally higher than environmental efficiency. A positive spatial correlation occurs between economic and environmental efficiency in energy consumption across all the Chinese provinces studied. Furthermore, some cluster characteristic can be identified. Accurately, the eastern coastal area of China with a higher efficiency represents a spatial cluster of high values, whereas the midwestern inland area of China with a lower efficiency represents a spatial cluster of low values. Therefore, a descending pattern is displayed from the east to the west. As time goes by, the extent of clustering could become more prominent, accompanied by an increasing spatial cluster of high values and a decreasing spatial cluster of low values. Accordingly, China needs to improve its energy consumption efficiency further and promote sustainable energy transformations.

ACS Style

Chenyu Lu; Peng Meng; Xueyan Zhao; Lu Jiang; Zilong Zhang; Bing Xue. Assessing the Economic-Environmental Efficiency of Energy Consumption and Spatial Patterns in China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 591 .

AMA Style

Chenyu Lu, Peng Meng, Xueyan Zhao, Lu Jiang, Zilong Zhang, Bing Xue. Assessing the Economic-Environmental Efficiency of Energy Consumption and Spatial Patterns in China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chenyu Lu; Peng Meng; Xueyan Zhao; Lu Jiang; Zilong Zhang; Bing Xue. 2019. "Assessing the Economic-Environmental Efficiency of Energy Consumption and Spatial Patterns in China." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 591.

Journal article
Published: 20 October 2016 in Sustainability
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Improving the sustainability of traditional resource-based cities in China has been a core issue and policy-priority for Chinese government to establish long-term ecological civilization, particularly for northeastern China which is recognized as a typical agglomeration area of resources cities. In this study, we establish a three-layer index system consisting of a comprehensive layer, systemic layer, and variable layer, and including 22 indicators which are grouped into economic, social and environmental subsystems. After that, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method was applied to measure and rank the sustainability of the selected 15 typical resource-based cities in northeast China, and then a GIS (Geographical Information System) technique based on the software of SuperMap was applied to map the sustainability in terms of the spatial effects among these cities. The results reveal that a unilateral improvement of a subsystem did not mean an improvement or contribution to whole system. In detail, during the past 15 years from 2000 to 2015, the comprehensive sustainability of resource-based cities in Northeastern China shows a declining trend in the mass, and the sustainability of the economic subsystem shows increase; the sustainability of the social system remains stable, while the environmental subsystem shows decrease. These situations might result from policy interventions during the past 15 years, therefore, promoting the sustainability of resource-based cities needs a historical approach, which should focus on the coordinated development of its economic, social, and environmental subsystems.

ACS Style

Chengpeng Lu; Bing Xue; Chenyu Lu; Ting Wang; Lu Jiang; Zilong Zhang; WanXia Ren. Sustainability Investigation of Resource-Based Cities in Northeastern China. Sustainability 2016, 8, 1058 .

AMA Style

Chengpeng Lu, Bing Xue, Chenyu Lu, Ting Wang, Lu Jiang, Zilong Zhang, WanXia Ren. Sustainability Investigation of Resource-Based Cities in Northeastern China. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (10):1058.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengpeng Lu; Bing Xue; Chenyu Lu; Ting Wang; Lu Jiang; Zilong Zhang; WanXia Ren. 2016. "Sustainability Investigation of Resource-Based Cities in Northeastern China." Sustainability 8, no. 10: 1058.