Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents (CAA) and its treatment plan includes a multimodal approach. Psychoeducation is a potential therapeutic modality in the multimodal treatment of ADHD. Psychoeducation intervention generally consists of single or multiple sessions providing education to the recipient regarding ADHD with the aim to facilitate an informed, self‐responsible management of the disorder and to improve the quality of life of patients and their families. Previous reviews have highlighted the positive effects of parental psychoeducation on ADHD symptoms, behavioral problems and social skills of CAA with ADHD. However, the effects of child only and combined parental and CAA psychoeducation interventions are unclear and under investigated. In the current paper, for the first time, we review, individually, the outcomes of parent only psychoeducation, child only psychoeducation and combined parental and CAA psychoeducation across a range of domains in CAA with ADHD. The findings reveal that including psychoeducation in the treatment of ADHD may improve clinical symptoms, social skills, functioning and family relationships in CAA with ADHD.

Background: Vigilant Attention (VA) is a critical cognitive function allowing to maintain our attention, particularly in redundant or intellectually unchallenging situations. Evidence has shown that, as the brain develops, VA abilities rapidly improve throughout childhood and adolescence. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fats (PUFA), playing a critical role for proper brain development and maturation of cortical regions, may contribute to variations in VA abilities. Objective: The present study investigated the effect of dietary omega-3 PUFA intake (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of a meta-analytically defined VA network in 24 neurotypical children and adolescents (7.3–17.2 years) from the Healthy Brain Network databank. Methods: Functional MRI and phenotypical information were collected from the Healthy Brain Network databank. Intake of omega-3 DHA and EPA was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and was adjusted for total calorie intake. Out of scanner VA-related performance was assessed using the VA condition of the Adaptive Cognitive Evaluation tool. Results: Overall, reported intake of omega-3 PUFA was not significantly associated with VA-related performance. Furthermore, energy-adjusted omega-3 intake was not significantly correlated with rsFC within the VA network. A complementary whole-brain analysis revealed that energy-adjusted omega-3 intake was correlated with decreased rsFC between parieto-occipital brain regions. Conclusion: The present study was not able to detect a relationship between dietary omega-3 and rsFC or VA performance.