Apatites are very important compounds of mineralogical and biological meaning. Apatites originated from the calcium hydroxy compound 3Ca₃(PO₄)₂·Ca(OH)₂ and potentially might form three series of isomorphic salts, derived from cationic substitutions in the positions of Ca(I) and Ca(II) ions in the core compound; anionic substitutions of phosphates; and substitutions of anions and very simple chemical entities instead of the hydroxyl group in channel locations. The energies coupled with the ion exchanges inside those three locations were studied using our original method resulting from the transformation of Braggs’ law. The energy changes resulting from the ion exchanges were studied in connection with either the ionic radii for the cations or ionic volumes for the anions. The same series were observed when the variabilities of energy were confronted with the variabilities in the sinus of diffraction angle Θ showing changes in momentum transfer. In particular, the relationships between the energy changes and the coupled changes in the universal crystallographic parameter d showed the surprising uniformity of all ion exchanges in the apatites. The incremental change in the Braggs’ d-parameter always demands the same change in the energy, with good approximation, independently of the location of the ion exchange. So, the isomorphism of the apatites is not triple but a uniform one at the energy level. Such an approach enables the estimation of the volume of the ion-□ (□-vacancies) agglomerates. The introduction of ions with greater volumes exerts the phenomenon of swelling of apatite cells, which can be quantitatively estimated. The dependence of diffraction spectra on the temperature allows for the determination of minimal values of crystallographic cell volumes and d parameters at the temperature of 0 K. In sum, the study of energies connected with the change of Bragg dimension d is a new and valuable method of insight into the behaviour of apatite crystals.

AI-Based Facial Analysis vs Self-Report: A Pilot Study Using Insights From Pre-Procedural Psychological Tests - Article abstract #947227

Cryoapplication, a rarely used dental technique, freezes lesional tissues to disrupt them at the cellular level. The technique iss minimally invasive and suitable for specific mucosal lesions, offering a conservative option for oral pre-cancers. Studies show that cryotherapy is promising for...

Introduction: Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic fungal infection of the oral mucosa, most frequently caused by Candida albicans. Its development is influenced by local factors, such as denture use and oral hygiene, as well as systemic conditions including diabetes, nutritional deficiencies, and chronic inflammatory diseases. Accurate diagnosis requires both clinical evaluation and mycological testing. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze demographic characteristics, predisposing factors, and the species distribution of Candida isolates in patients diagnosed with oral candidiasis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of medical documentation was conducted to evaluate patient demographics, risk factors, comorbidities, denture use, and results of mycological examinations confirming oral candidiasis. Results: A total of 71 patients (49 women and 22 men), aged 21–85 years (mean 59.6 ± 16 years), were included in the study. Fungal etiology was confirmed in all cases, with Candida albicans identified most frequently (81.69%). Among comorbidities, cardiovascular diseases were most common (30.99%), followed by diabetes (14.08%), and chronic periodontitis, respiratory, and gastrointestinal diseases (each 11.27%). Removable dentures were used by 18.30% of patients, and nicotine addiction was reported in 9.86%. All strains were susceptible to the tested antifungals, except for species with known intrinsic resistance. Conclusions: Oral candidiasis in this cohort predominantly affected women and older adults, with Candida albicans remaining the most common etiological agent. Denture use emerged as an important local predisposing factor and was associated with a higher proportion of infections caused by non-albicans species. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluation and routine mycological testing to guide targeted antifungal therapy, especially in patients with risk factors such as denture use or systemic comorbidities.

Wstęp: Służba wojskowa niesie za sobą zagrożenia zdrowotne wykraczające poza ryzyko związane z bezpośrednim udziałem w działaniach bojowych. Wgląd w historię medycyny wojskowej pozwala zrozumieć rozwój praktyk medycznych oraz chirurgii, w szczególności w dziedzinie chirurgii szczękowo-twarzowej. Przełom w tej specjalizacji zawdzięczamy pionierom, takim jak Harold Gillies i Johannes Esser, których innowacje osiągnęły szczyt w okresie konfliktów zbrojnych.Cel: Przegląd ma na celu podniesienie świadomości na temat specyficznych potrzeb zdrowotnych personelu wojskowego w obszarze stomatologii, ze szczególnym skupieniem na barodontalgii, czyli bólu zębów wywołanym przez zmiany ciśnienia, występującym często u wojskowych pilotów i nurków.Metody: Przeanalizowano literaturę dotyczącą stomatologicznych wyzwań dla personelu wojskowego, uwzględniając wpływ warunków pracy na zdrowie jamy ustnej (wyszukiwane frazy: zdrowotne problemy w wojsku, stomatologia wojskowa, barodontalgia). Wskazano na powszechne problemy, takie jak próchnica, choroby przyzębia i barodontalgia, sugerujące potrzebę zapewnienia lepszej opieki stomatologicznej oraz prowadzenia dalszych badań.Wnioski: Zidentyfikowano złożoność wyzwań zdrowotnych w służbie wojskowej, od zespołu stresu pourazowego po problemy stomatologiczne. Podkreślono potrzebę ciągłego rozwoju medycyny wojskowej, holistycznego podejścia do zdrowia żołnierzy, w tym zdrowia jamy ustnej, aby poprawić ich jakość życia i gotowość operacyjną. Wyniki badań wskazują na konieczność opracowania specjalnych protokołów diagnostycznych i terapeutycznych, dostosowanych do specyficznych warunków służby.