Gas evolution in lithium-ion batteries represents a pivotal yet underaddressed concern, significantly compromising long-term cyclability and safety through complex interfacial dynamics and material degradation across both normal operation and extreme thermal scenarios. While extensive research has focused on isolated gas generation mechanisms in specific components, critical knowledge gaps persist in understanding cross-component interactions and the cascading failure pathways it induced. This review systematically decouples gas generation mechanisms at cathodes (e.g., lattice oxygen-driven CO₂/CO in high-nickel layered oxides), anodes (e.g., stress-triggered solvent reduction in silicon composites), electrolytes (solvent decomposition), and auxiliary materials (binder/separator degradation), while uniquely establishing their synergistic impacts on battery stability. Distinct from prior modular analyses, we emphasize that: (1) emerging systems exhibit fundamentally different gas evolution thermodynamics compared to conventional materials, exemplified by sulfide solid electrolytes releasing H₂S/SO₂ via unique anionic redox pathways; (2) gas crosstalk between components creates compounding risks—retained gases induce electrolyte dry-out and ion transport barriers during cycling, while combustible gas–O₂ mixtures accelerate thermal runaway through chain reactions. This review proposes three key strategies to suppress gas generation: (1) oxygen lattice stabilization via dopant engineering, (2) solvent decomposition mitigation through tailored interphases engineering, and (3) gas-selective adaptive separator development. Furthermore, it establishes a multiscale design framework spanning atomic defect control to pack-level thermal management, providing actionable guidelines for battery engineering. By correlating early gas detection metrics with degradation patterns, the work enables predictive safety systems and standardized protocols, directly guiding the development of reliable high-energy batteries for electric vehicles and grid storage.

CuS nanoparticles anchored to g-C₃N₄ nanosheets could be applied for photothermal ablation of bacteria.

The morphology design of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is an important way to determine the catalytic performance of LDH materials. A novel structure of CoNi LDH sheets with amorphous structure on the edge was prepared by electrooxidation. It was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS. It was found that during the electrooxidation, some of the Co²⁺ ions were oxidized to Co³⁺ to form amorphous CoOOH intermediates, which promoted the OER performance. The electrochemical test results show that CoNi LDH treated by electrooxidation for 6 hours has an ultra-low overpotential of 206 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², and can work stably under alkaline conditions for more than 10 hours. This work suggests that introducing an amorphous structure on LDH through electrooxidation produces abundant active sites, which is an easy and efficient method to improve the OER performance of CoNi LDHs.

The combination of Ce doped NiFe LDH and NiMoO_xS_4−x with oxygen vacancies can enhance OER activity.