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Interdependent networks can practically model several complex systems. In such networks, particularly critical infrastructure networks, cascading failure is the most common phenomenon observed, and hence, has gradually become a prevalent research topic in recent years. We combine statistical methods to build a cascading failure propagation model based on discrete dynamical systems. Based on a discrete-time model, a failure pattern is proposed wherein the units in a system continuously fail due to cascading events or malevolent attacks. Then, we analyze the model in combination with practical scenarios.
Yipeng Wu; Zhilong Chen; Xudong Zhao; Huadong Gong; Xiaochao Su; Yicun Chen. Propagation model of cascading failure based on discrete dynamical system. Reliability Engineering & System Safety 2021, 209, 107424 .
AMA StyleYipeng Wu, Zhilong Chen, Xudong Zhao, Huadong Gong, Xiaochao Su, Yicun Chen. Propagation model of cascading failure based on discrete dynamical system. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2021; 209 ():107424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYipeng Wu; Zhilong Chen; Xudong Zhao; Huadong Gong; Xiaochao Su; Yicun Chen. 2021. "Propagation model of cascading failure based on discrete dynamical system." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 209, no. : 107424.
Lifeline networks are critical to urban economies and societies. Resilience is an emerging concept for analyzing the dynamic performances of critical infrastructures impacted by natural hazards or attacks. Although many studies have examined how to assess the resilience of lifeline networks to natural disasters, very few have investigated resilience to intentional attacks. This study presents a framework for assessing the resilience of urban lifeline networks to intentional attacks. Using a game-theoretic model, this framework can firstly predict the most likely strategies of both the attacker and defender at Nash equilibrium as the preconditions for resilience assessment. Then a new feature ‘degree of recovery’ is proposed to quantify differences in network's performance (pre-attack vs. post-recovery). The framework also integrates a requirement for functional characteristics in designing the performance response function of lifeline networks. In the case study of IEEE 30-bus network, the most likely strategies of attack and defender at Nash equilibrium were figured out. Then the resilience of network was assessed and thoroughly discussed. The results showed that the recovery resource and budget had different effects on the resilience. Furthermore, it was demonstrated how the assessment framework can provide a quick reference tool for optimal decision-making under various scenarios.
Lin Han; Xudong Zhao; Zhilong Chen; Huadong Gong; Benwei Hou. Assessing resilience of urban lifeline networks to intentional attacks. Reliability Engineering & System Safety 2020, 207, 107346 .
AMA StyleLin Han, Xudong Zhao, Zhilong Chen, Huadong Gong, Benwei Hou. Assessing resilience of urban lifeline networks to intentional attacks. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2020; 207 ():107346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin Han; Xudong Zhao; Zhilong Chen; Huadong Gong; Benwei Hou. 2020. "Assessing resilience of urban lifeline networks to intentional attacks." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 207, no. : 107346.
This paper studied the level-3 Sierpinski gasket. We solved Dirichlet problem of Poisson equations and proved variational principle on the level-3 Sierpinski gasket by expressing Green’s function explicitly.
Yipeng Wu; Kui Yao; Lei Mu; Zhilong Chen. DIRICHLET PROBLEM OF POISSON EQUATIONS AND VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE ON A TYPE OF FRACTAL SETS. Fractals 2020, 28, 1 .
AMA StyleYipeng Wu, Kui Yao, Lei Mu, Zhilong Chen. DIRICHLET PROBLEM OF POISSON EQUATIONS AND VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE ON A TYPE OF FRACTAL SETS. Fractals. 2020; 28 (05):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYipeng Wu; Kui Yao; Lei Mu; Zhilong Chen. 2020. "DIRICHLET PROBLEM OF POISSON EQUATIONS AND VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE ON A TYPE OF FRACTAL SETS." Fractals 28, no. 05: 1.
Harmonic functions possess the mean value property, that is, the value of the function at any point is equal to the average value of the function in a domain that contain this point. It is a very attractive problem to look for analogous results in the fractal context. In this paper, we establish a similar results of the mean value property for the harmonic functions on the higher-dimensional Sierpinski gasket.
Yipeng Wu; Zhilong Chen; Xia Zhang; Xudong Zhao. MEAN VALUE PROPERTY OF HARMONIC FUNCTION ON THE HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL SIERPINSKI GASKET. Fractals 2020, 28, 1 .
AMA StyleYipeng Wu, Zhilong Chen, Xia Zhang, Xudong Zhao. MEAN VALUE PROPERTY OF HARMONIC FUNCTION ON THE HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL SIERPINSKI GASKET. Fractals. 2020; 28 (05):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYipeng Wu; Zhilong Chen; Xia Zhang; Xudong Zhao. 2020. "MEAN VALUE PROPERTY OF HARMONIC FUNCTION ON THE HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL SIERPINSKI GASKET." Fractals 28, no. 05: 1.
Ever-growing globalization and industrialization put forward impending requirements for green and sustainable logistics (G&SL). Over the past decades, G&SL initiatives triggered worldwide deliberations, aiming at easing negative transport externalities and improving supply chain performance. This review-based paper attempts to offer a joint quantitative and qualitative understanding for the overall evolutionary trend, knowledge structure, and literature gaps of the G&SL research field. Employing the science mapping approach, a total of 306 major paper published from 1999 to 2019 were retrieved, elaborated on, and synthesized. Visualized statistics regarding publication years, journal allocation/co-citation, inter-country/institution collaboration, influential articles, co-occurred keywords, and time view clusters of research themes were analyzed bibliographically. On this basis, a total of 50 sub-branches of G&SL knowledge were classified and thematically discussed based on five alignments, namely (i) social-environmental-economic research, (ii) planning, policy and management, (iii) application and practice, (iv) technology, and (v) operations research. Finally, the current knowledge obstacles and the future research opportunities were suggested. The findings contribute to portray a systematic intellectual prospect for the state quo, hotspots, and academic frontiers of G&SL research. Moreover, it provides researchers and practitioners with heuristic thoughts to govern transportation ecology and logistics service quality.
Rui Ren; Wanjie Hu; Jianjun Dong; Bo Sun; Yicun Chen; Zhilong Chen. A Systematic Literature Review of Green and Sustainable Logistics: Bibliometric Analysis, Research Trend and Knowledge Taxonomy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 17, 261 .
AMA StyleRui Ren, Wanjie Hu, Jianjun Dong, Bo Sun, Yicun Chen, Zhilong Chen. A Systematic Literature Review of Green and Sustainable Logistics: Bibliometric Analysis, Research Trend and Knowledge Taxonomy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 17 (1):261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Ren; Wanjie Hu; Jianjun Dong; Bo Sun; Yicun Chen; Zhilong Chen. 2019. "A Systematic Literature Review of Green and Sustainable Logistics: Bibliometric Analysis, Research Trend and Knowledge Taxonomy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1: 261.
Integrating logistics activities into urban passenger rail transit network (URFT) is regarded as an effective approach to promote urban sustainability and reduce the negative externalities of road-based transportation. This study applied a system dynamics method to simulate URFT system development by focusing on internal operations and external impacts. The characteristics of four major stakeholders (i.e., the government, URFT operator, market, and road freight sector) as well as a series of variables affecting system operations, such as metrics of social and environmental externalities, pricing, investment, and subsidies, were incorporated into two submodels. A case study of Beijing, China was provided to demonstrate the historical validity and rationality of simulation results from 2007 to 2035. Three decision variables (i.e., investment policy, network scale and market competitiveness) were combined into eight distinct scenarios to examine the external benefits, pricing strategies, capital funding structure and business volume of URFT. The findings show that URFT schemes with higher funding and capacity lead to greater reductions in the losses of traffic congestion, air pollution, and accidents. Furthermore, both government support in the early stage and regulation mechanisms among price, supply–demand level, and investment play significant roles in improving the system performance.
Wanjie Hu; Jianjun Dong; Bon-Gang Hwang; Rui Ren; Yicun Chen; Zhilong Chen. Using system dynamics to analyze the development of urban freight transportation system based on rail transit: A case study of Beijing. Sustainable Cities and Society 2019, 53, 101923 .
AMA StyleWanjie Hu, Jianjun Dong, Bon-Gang Hwang, Rui Ren, Yicun Chen, Zhilong Chen. Using system dynamics to analyze the development of urban freight transportation system based on rail transit: A case study of Beijing. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2019; 53 ():101923.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWanjie Hu; Jianjun Dong; Bon-Gang Hwang; Rui Ren; Yicun Chen; Zhilong Chen. 2019. "Using system dynamics to analyze the development of urban freight transportation system based on rail transit: A case study of Beijing." Sustainable Cities and Society 53, no. : 101923.
Qilin Feng; Hao Cai; Zhilong Chen. Using game theory to optimize the allocation of defensive resources on a city scale to protect chemical facilities against multiple types of attackers. Reliability Engineering & System Safety 2019, 191, 105900 .
AMA StyleQilin Feng, Hao Cai, Zhilong Chen. Using game theory to optimize the allocation of defensive resources on a city scale to protect chemical facilities against multiple types of attackers. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2019; 191 ():105900.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQilin Feng; Hao Cai; Zhilong Chen. 2019. "Using game theory to optimize the allocation of defensive resources on a city scale to protect chemical facilities against multiple types of attackers." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 191, no. : 105900.
An urban underground freight transport system (UFTS) can be an alternative for relieving the pressure of traffic congestion, reducing carbon emissions and breaking the bottlenecks of logistics transportation. The construction and operation of UFTSs require many resources invested at early stages, while the resources provided in each city are limited. Properly creating an environmentally friendly UFTS under finite resources is a prerequisite for effective reduction of the carbon emissions generated by freight transportation and is a key basis for guidance regarding operations management and network expansion. The main goal of the present research study is to develop an optimal resources allocation strategy to reduce carbon emissions by using a bi-level programming model under the finite construction resources of an UFTS. Thus, an optimal resources allocation method was developed to optimize carbon dioxide emissions in an integrated network of roads and UFTS under finite construction resources. This method integrates the characteristics of carbon emissions in UFTS and road transportation, together with a relationship between construction resources and initial design speed. Due to the nonconvexity and discreteness of the question, we transform the bi-level programming model to a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to obtain the optimum resource allocation strategy by linearizing the constraints and objective functions. The freight network between the Xiongan New Area and Beijing is taken as an example to verify the superiority of the model. The influences of the changes in resource quantities and typical strategies of transport time, freight volume in a UFTS and rotation volume of freight transport are analyzed, which provides a foundation for further study of the implementation of UFTSs in reality.
Yicun Chen; Jianjun Dong; Zhilong Chen; Xudong Zhao; Pengcheng Shang. Optimal carbon emissions in an integrated network of roads and UFTS under the finite construction resources. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2019, 94, 103108 .
AMA StyleYicun Chen, Jianjun Dong, Zhilong Chen, Xudong Zhao, Pengcheng Shang. Optimal carbon emissions in an integrated network of roads and UFTS under the finite construction resources. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2019; 94 ():103108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYicun Chen; Jianjun Dong; Zhilong Chen; Xudong Zhao; Pengcheng Shang. 2019. "Optimal carbon emissions in an integrated network of roads and UFTS under the finite construction resources." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 94, no. : 103108.
In recent years, because complex networks can be used to model real-world complex systems, such as the Internet, urban infrastructure networks, and gene interaction networks, such research has been widely applied in engineering, social sciences, and life sciences and has caused widespread concern. Fractal dimension, as a concept concerning the filling ability and complexity of an object space, has great significance for the study of the robustness of complex networks. This paper studies the relationship between fractal dimension and the robustness of different types of complex networks from the perspective of network structure and network scale. We find that fractal dimension is strongly correlated with robustness under certain conditions and can be used as an important index to evaluate the robustness of complex networks.
Yipeng Wu; Zhilong Chen; Kui Yao; Xudong Zhao; Yicun Chen. ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FRACTAL DIMENSION AND ROBUSTNESS OF COMPLEX NETWORKS. Fractals 2019, 27, 1 .
AMA StyleYipeng Wu, Zhilong Chen, Kui Yao, Xudong Zhao, Yicun Chen. ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FRACTAL DIMENSION AND ROBUSTNESS OF COMPLEX NETWORKS. Fractals. 2019; 27 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYipeng Wu; Zhilong Chen; Kui Yao; Xudong Zhao; Yicun Chen. 2019. "ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FRACTAL DIMENSION AND ROBUSTNESS OF COMPLEX NETWORKS." Fractals 27, no. 4: 1.
The contradiction between the contribution of city logistics (CL) to sustainable urban development and its negative externalities is increasingly prominent. Policy supervision measures and the green logistics initiative are also in conflict with the management goal of logistics enterprises. Innovative solutions for CL have attracted increasing research attention worldwide. However, the description of the global research network in the field of CL, research trends, and the discussion of advanced theories and practices have not been systematically reviewed so far. Especially in the past three years, there has been an explosive growth of relevant literature. In this paper, the method of combining scientometric analysis and thematic discussion was adopted to systematically review 513 important works in the literature from 1993 to 2018, aiming to provide a holistic understanding of the status in quo, trends and gaps of CL research, and to further analyze prominent problems. The study has made statistical analyses of the publication year profile, journal allocation and research methods of the included literature, and constructed four kinds of visualized bibliographic information timeline maps for the authorship network, international collaboration network, keywords co-occurrence network and research topic clustering. Then, the three themes summarized by clustering are discussed, mainly focusing on CL strategies and policy, green supply chain management, planning methods, and advanced concepts and practices. Finally, the research gaps framework and agenda were reported. This study contributes to summarizing the research and development of city logistics on the whole, and can also serve as an explorative manual to support sustainable urban freight activities and innovative research.
Wanjie Hu; Jianjun Dong; Bon-Gang Hwang; Rui Ren; Zhilong Chen. A Scientometrics Review on City Logistics Literature: Research Trends, Advanced Theory and Practice. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2724 .
AMA StyleWanjie Hu, Jianjun Dong, Bon-Gang Hwang, Rui Ren, Zhilong Chen. A Scientometrics Review on City Logistics Literature: Research Trends, Advanced Theory and Practice. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (10):2724.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWanjie Hu; Jianjun Dong; Bon-Gang Hwang; Rui Ren; Zhilong Chen. 2019. "A Scientometrics Review on City Logistics Literature: Research Trends, Advanced Theory and Practice." Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2724.
This paper presents a case study of urban underground parking (UUP) development in the city center of Nanjing, China. UUP adjusts the urban thermal environment by modifying the property of the underlying surface. This research focuses on the influencing mechanism of underground space on urban thermal environment. The aim of the research is to study the improvement effect of UUP development on urban thermal environment and human thermal comfort degree. In the case of underground space layering in the core region of South New City, the highest wind speed can be lowered by 0.6–0.8 m/s and the relative humidity is increased by 8–10%. The regional urban air temperature is effectively lowered, with the highest air temperature being lowered by 1.5 °C and the average temperature being lowered by 0.67 °C. The mean radiation temperature (MRT) value, as an evaluation index of outdoor thermal comfort degree, is reduced from 55 to 65 °C during the daytime before development to 20–27 °C after improvement. Hence, a favorable outdoor thermal environment is created.
Xiaobin Yang; Ziwei Zhao; Ruiping Hua; Xiaochao Su; Linjian Ma; Zhilong Chen. Simulation study on the influence of urban underground parking development on underlying surface and urban local thermal environment. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2019, 89, 133 -150.
AMA StyleXiaobin Yang, Ziwei Zhao, Ruiping Hua, Xiaochao Su, Linjian Ma, Zhilong Chen. Simulation study on the influence of urban underground parking development on underlying surface and urban local thermal environment. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2019; 89 ():133-150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaobin Yang; Ziwei Zhao; Ruiping Hua; Xiaochao Su; Linjian Ma; Zhilong Chen. 2019. "Simulation study on the influence of urban underground parking development on underlying surface and urban local thermal environment." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 89, no. : 133-150.
The lack of practical application and accurate benefit analysis, which are the prerequisites for each other, make it difficult to implement and promote the underground logistics system (ULS), although in theory people always recognize its advantages in sustainable improvement of urban transportation and logistics. This paper attempts to use the system dynamics (SD) method, based on the real-world simulation, to analyze the quantitative relationship between the implementation strategy of ULS and the sustainability of urban transportation and logistics to solve this problem. Beijing city, China, was selected as the empirical background. Four ULS implementation strategies were proposed according to the city’s potential investment in ULS and its demand for ULS network capacity. Meanwhile, four representative indicators were selected to evaluate the simulation results, including the average speed of the road networks in the peak hour, congestion loss, delivery travel time in the peak hour and the PM emissions of the truck. Good fitting index of historical data shows the validity of the model. Simulation results show that ULS, as a supplement to the urban integrated transport system, can significantly improve urban traffic and logistics. This study provides a perspective in the systematic and quantitative analysis of ULS to support the urban sustainable development.
Jianjun Dong; Yuanxian Xu; Bon-Gang Hwang; Rui Ren; Zhilong Chen. The Impact of Underground Logistics System on Urban Sustainable Development: A System Dynamics Approach. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1223 .
AMA StyleJianjun Dong, Yuanxian Xu, Bon-Gang Hwang, Rui Ren, Zhilong Chen. The Impact of Underground Logistics System on Urban Sustainable Development: A System Dynamics Approach. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1223.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianjun Dong; Yuanxian Xu; Bon-Gang Hwang; Rui Ren; Zhilong Chen. 2019. "The Impact of Underground Logistics System on Urban Sustainable Development: A System Dynamics Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1223.
Reasonable design of the overburden thickness of underground space (OTUS) can influence the outdoor thermal environment by affecting the ground plant communities. To optimize the design of the OTUS for improving the outdoor thermal environment, this study summarized the influence mechanism of the OTUS on the outdoor thermal environment and proposed a framework of the optimization design of underground space overburden thickness. A typical row layout residential area in Nanjing, China, was taken as the research object on which to perform a numerical study of the influence of plant communities formed by two types of plant collocations (a middle- and low-level plant collocation and a middle- and high-level plant collocation) on the outdoor thermal environment (airflow field, air temperature, relative humidity and thermal comfort) under three different ratios of trees to shrubs (2:3, 1:2, and 1:3), and to provide suggestions regarding the design of the OTUS according to the designer’s requirements. The conclusions were summarized as follows: (1) If a designer wants to enhance outdoor ventilation, the OTUS should be designed to satisfy the requirements for the middle- and low-level plant collocations and the overburden thickness of the 2/5 underground space development area should be set to 80~100 cm, the overburden thickness of the other 2/5 area should be set to 45~60 cm and the overburden thickness of the remaining 1/5 area should be set to 30~45 cm. (2) If a designer wants to reduce air temperature, increase relative humidity, and improve outdoor thermal comfort, the OTUS should be designed to satisfy the requirements for middle- and high-level plant collocations and the overburden thickness of the 1/4 underground space development area should be set to 80~100 cm, and the overburden thickness of the remaining 3/4 area should be set to 45~60 cm.
Xiaochao Su; Zhilong Chen; Xudong Zhao; Xiaobin Yang; Qilin Feng; Haizhou Tang. Optimization Design of Underground Space Overburden Thickness in a Residential Area Concerning Outdoor Thermal Environment Evaluation. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3205 .
AMA StyleXiaochao Su, Zhilong Chen, Xudong Zhao, Xiaobin Yang, Qilin Feng, Haizhou Tang. Optimization Design of Underground Space Overburden Thickness in a Residential Area Concerning Outdoor Thermal Environment Evaluation. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaochao Su; Zhilong Chen; Xudong Zhao; Xiaobin Yang; Qilin Feng; Haizhou Tang. 2018. "Optimization Design of Underground Space Overburden Thickness in a Residential Area Concerning Outdoor Thermal Environment Evaluation." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3205.
Preventing environmental deterioration and alleviating traffic congestion are becoming urgent problems in urban and transportation planning. Alleviating the pressure from increasing freight transportation traffic via low-emission and innovative transportation methods can reduce problems such as transportation network capacity limits and environmental pollution and contribute to the development of resource-efficient and sustainable cities in the future. Underground freight transportation systems (UFTSs) can improve service quality and transportation efficiency in urban logistics and alleviate traffic congestion and associated problems such as energy consumption and air pollution. Previous studies on urban UFTSs have focused mostly on technical feasibility and policy requirements. Studies providing a quantitative analysis of the effects of introducing a UFTS on an existing transportation network are scarce. In this study, the main goal is to create a quantitative method to analyze the effects of introducing a UFTS on the performance of a transportation network. Thus, a multi-objective programming model of an integrated aboveground-underground transportation network that considers transportation cost, time, and emissions is created. The Yangshan port in Shanghai, China is used as an example to assess whether a UFTS can significantly reduce the cost, time, distance and emissions of the aboveground freight container transportation. The weights on three objective functions are varied to analyze their effects on the solution. These results provide a reference for optimizing freight distribution plans when a UFTS is constructed and for implementing integrated aboveground-underground transportation systems in the future.
Yicun Chen; Dongjun Guo; Zhilong Chen; Yiqun Fan; Xiao Li. Using a multi-objective programming model to validate feasibility of an underground freight transportation system for the Yangshan port in Shanghai. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2018, 81, 463 -471.
AMA StyleYicun Chen, Dongjun Guo, Zhilong Chen, Yiqun Fan, Xiao Li. Using a multi-objective programming model to validate feasibility of an underground freight transportation system for the Yangshan port in Shanghai. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2018; 81 ():463-471.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYicun Chen; Dongjun Guo; Zhilong Chen; Yiqun Fan; Xiao Li. 2018. "Using a multi-objective programming model to validate feasibility of an underground freight transportation system for the Yangshan port in Shanghai." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 81, no. : 463-471.
Zhilong Chen; Jia-Yun Chen; Hong Liu; Zhi-Feng Zhang. Present status and development trends of underground space in Chinese cities: Evaluation and analysis. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2018, 71, 253 -270.
AMA StyleZhilong Chen, Jia-Yun Chen, Hong Liu, Zhi-Feng Zhang. Present status and development trends of underground space in Chinese cities: Evaluation and analysis. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2018; 71 ():253-270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhilong Chen; Jia-Yun Chen; Hong Liu; Zhi-Feng Zhang. 2018. "Present status and development trends of underground space in Chinese cities: Evaluation and analysis." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 71, no. : 253-270.
For a sudden contaminant release in an indoor environment, source localization can provide critical information for preventing and mitigating indoor air pollution and its related health and security problems. Considerable research has focused on locating indoor contaminant sources with instantaneous or constant release rates; however, few studies on locating indoor sources with time-varying release rates have been reported. This study proposed a multi-robot active olfactory method for promptly locating time-varying sources in 3D indoor environments. The method extends our previously proposed method for 2D indoor environments by redefining and reprogramming it in a 3D coordinate system and proposing a 3D source declaration algorithm. Via more than 200 numerical experiments in 3D indoor environments with mixing, displacement, and piston ventilation systems, the method was fully demonstrated and validated. The results show the applicability and reliability of the method and reveal the effects of space style, ventilation mode, source release rate, source location, and obstacle layout on source localization.
Qilin Feng; Hao Cai; Fei Li; Yibin Yang; Zhilong Chen. Locating time-varying contaminant sources in 3D indoor environments with three typical ventilation systems using a multi-robot active olfaction method. Building Simulation 2017, 11, 597 -611.
AMA StyleQilin Feng, Hao Cai, Fei Li, Yibin Yang, Zhilong Chen. Locating time-varying contaminant sources in 3D indoor environments with three typical ventilation systems using a multi-robot active olfaction method. Building Simulation. 2017; 11 (3):597-611.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQilin Feng; Hao Cai; Fei Li; Yibin Yang; Zhilong Chen. 2017. "Locating time-varying contaminant sources in 3D indoor environments with three typical ventilation systems using a multi-robot active olfaction method." Building Simulation 11, no. 3: 597-611.
In the underground space development of residential areas, outdoor thermal environments at the pedestrian level greatly depend on the ground greening configuration, which is in turn affected by the overburden thickness of the underground space (OTUS). However, few studies have considered the effects of OTUS on the ground greening configuration and the further effects of the ground greening configuration on the outdoor thermal environment. This study aimed to provide insights into the design of OTUS for improving outdoor thermal environments. Two residential areas with row and enclosed layouts in Nanjing, China, were numerically studied using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software ENVI-met. Outdoor thermal environments in the two residential areas, which had the same greening coverage rate, were simulated under different OTUSs and ground green configurations. The results indicate that to create a comfortable outdoor thermal environment, the OTUS should be designed to satisfy the requirement for planting small trees. If this requirement cannot be adequately satisfied, individuals can also set up tree wells or add soil on top of underground structures to plant small trees, and establish an OTUS that can satisfy the requirement of planting large shrubs in other areas.
Xiaochao Su; Hao Cai; Zhilong Chen; Qilin Feng. Influence of the Ground Greening Configuration on the Outdoor Thermal Environment in Residential Areas under Different Underground Space Overburden Thicknesses. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1656 .
AMA StyleXiaochao Su, Hao Cai, Zhilong Chen, Qilin Feng. Influence of the Ground Greening Configuration on the Outdoor Thermal Environment in Residential Areas under Different Underground Space Overburden Thicknesses. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (9):1656.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaochao Su; Hao Cai; Zhilong Chen; Qilin Feng. 2017. "Influence of the Ground Greening Configuration on the Outdoor Thermal Environment in Residential Areas under Different Underground Space Overburden Thicknesses." Sustainability 9, no. 9: 1656.
Yicun Chen; Hao Cai; Zhilong Chen; Qilin Feng. Using multi-robot active olfaction method to locate time-varying contaminant source in indoor environment. Building and Environment 2017, 118, 101 -112.
AMA StyleYicun Chen, Hao Cai, Zhilong Chen, Qilin Feng. Using multi-robot active olfaction method to locate time-varying contaminant source in indoor environment. Building and Environment. 2017; 118 ():101-112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYicun Chen; Hao Cai; Zhilong Chen; Qilin Feng. 2017. "Using multi-robot active olfaction method to locate time-varying contaminant source in indoor environment." Building and Environment 118, no. : 101-112.
Aboveground and underground spaces along the urban rail transit (AUSURT) are integral parts of the urban space. Collaborative planning of AUSURT can help to improve the efficiency of urban space use and boost urban sustainable development (USD). This paper attempts to conduct a study of the synergetic degree of AUSURT on the spatial level. From the perspective of USD, a synergy system of AUSURT is created firstly, which consists of four sub-systems: land use, traffic condition, population effect and underground space. Then, taking the Phase-I Project of Shenzhen Rail Transit as the example, this paper uses a sequential synergy degree model to calculate the order degrees of the sub-systems in 1999, 2005 and 2015. The system’s synergy degrees from 1999 to 2005, from 1999 to 2015 and from 2005 to 2015 are obtained next. The study shows that the order degrees of the sub-systems increase at varying speeds, and all develop to an ordered state, while the system’s synergy degree rises to 0.505 in 2015 from 0.179 in 2005, which will boost USD. Above all, the results of the study can reflect the laws of the synergetic evolution of AUSURT, providing scientific judgment and rational decision-making references for the collaborative planning.
Zhilong Chen; Lichang Su; Cheng Zhang. Research on the Synergy Degree of Aboveground and Underground Space along Urban Rail Transit from the Perspective of Urban Sustainable Development. Sustainability 2016, 8, 934 .
AMA StyleZhilong Chen, Lichang Su, Cheng Zhang. Research on the Synergy Degree of Aboveground and Underground Space along Urban Rail Transit from the Perspective of Urban Sustainable Development. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (9):934.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhilong Chen; Lichang Su; Cheng Zhang. 2016. "Research on the Synergy Degree of Aboveground and Underground Space along Urban Rail Transit from the Perspective of Urban Sustainable Development." Sustainability 8, no. 9: 934.
Owing to increasing global terrorist activities, it is highly important to optimize the allocation of a city's limited defensive resources to protect multiple chemical facilities against terrorist attacks. Considerable research has focused on assessing the risk of terrorist attacks on chemical facilities; however, conventional risk-based methods do not take into account the strategy adjustments of terrorists and cannot identify the optimal global allocation of defensive resources. This study presents a game-theoretic method for optimizing the allocation of defensive resources; it fully considers the strategic interactions between defenders and attackers by integrating game theory with risk assessment. As a case study, we tested the applicability and reliability of our method using eight chemical plants storing explosive materials in a city in China. In this way, we clarified the differences between conventional methods and our presented method; we confirmed the advantage of the presented method in identifying the optimal global allocation of defensive resources.
Qilin Feng; Hao Cai; Zhilong Chen; Xudong Zhao; Yicun Chen. Using game theory to optimize allocation of defensive resources to protect multiple chemical facilities in a city against terrorist attacks. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 2016, 43, 614 -628.
AMA StyleQilin Feng, Hao Cai, Zhilong Chen, Xudong Zhao, Yicun Chen. Using game theory to optimize allocation of defensive resources to protect multiple chemical facilities in a city against terrorist attacks. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2016; 43 ():614-628.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQilin Feng; Hao Cai; Zhilong Chen; Xudong Zhao; Yicun Chen. 2016. "Using game theory to optimize allocation of defensive resources to protect multiple chemical facilities in a city against terrorist attacks." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 43, no. : 614-628.