Background: Thrombophilia is a prothrombotic disorder that can affect pregnancy outcomes, potentially leading to maternal complications, fetal growth restriction, and adverse perinatal events. However, the precise relationship between thrombophilia and these outcomes remains under investigation, and the impact of hematological, renal, hepatic, and coagulation alterations in thrombophilic pregnancies is not yet fully understood. This study aims to examine the maternal and neonatal consequences of thrombophilia by analyzing key laboratory parameters and perinatal outcomes in affected pregnancies. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 251 pregnant women, divided into thrombophilic (n = 226) and non-thrombophilic (n = 25) groups. Data on maternal demographics, laboratory parameters (hematological, metabolic, renal, hepatic, and coagulation markers), obstetric outcomes, and neonatal characteristics were extracted from medical records. Statistical analysis included t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation analysis to assess the association between thrombophilia and clinical outcomes. Results: Thrombophilic pregnancies were associated with significantly lower fibrinogen levels (p = 0.036) and decreased INR (p = 0.006), suggesting a hypercoagulable state. Renal function was affected, as evidenced by elevated urea (p = 0.012) and creatinine (p = 0.009), indicating a predisposition to kidney dysfunction. Neonates from thrombophilic pregnancies exhibited slightly lower Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min, though the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.101, p = 0.131). NICU admission rates were comparable between groups (p = 0.317), suggesting that thrombophilia may not be a major determinant of neonatal intensive care needs. However, gestational age and birth weight remained the strongest predictors of neonatal vitality (p < 0.001), while coagulation abnormalities and renal dysfunction correlated with poorer perinatal outcomes. Conclusions: Thrombophilia is associated with altered coagulation profiles, renal dysfunction, and potential risks for maternal complications. While neonatal outcomes were not significantly different, the observed trends suggest the need for enhanced monitoring in thrombophilic pregnancies. Early intervention, thromboprophylaxis, and individualized management strategies may improve maternal and neonatal prognosis. Further research is needed to refine preventive strategies and optimize therapeutic approaches in high-risk pregnancies.

Background and Objectives: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with impaired fertility, but the extent to which its systemic inflammatory profile differs from that observed in infertile women without endometriosis remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to characterize and compare the systemic inflammatory profiles of women with endometriosis, infertile women without endometriosis, and healthy controls by evaluating serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). In addition, the study explored the IL-6/TNF-α ratio as an indicator of inflammatory balance and evaluated its relationship with ovarian reserve. Materials and Methods: This observational comparative study included 87 women divided into three groups: healthy controls (n = 29), women with endometriosis (n = 29), and infertile women without endometriosis (n = 29). Serum IL-6, TNF-α, and hs-CRP concentrations were determined specifically for the present study, whereas the corresponding clinical and embryological data were retrieved from medical records. Group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test with Holm correction. The IL-6/TNF-α ratio was calculated as an exploratory indicator of inflammatory balance. Associations between inflammatory biomarkers and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations were assessed using Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results: Significant differences in serum inflammatory biomarkers were observed among the three groups. IL-6 concentrations were significantly increased in both women with endometriosis and infertile women without endometriosis compared with healthy controls, whereas TNF-α concentrations were significantly elevated only in infertile women without endometriosis compared with both healthy controls and women with endometriosis (adjusted p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Differences in hs-CRP were more modest but remained significant overall. Women with endometriosis exhibited a significantly higher IL-6/TNF-α ratio than infertile women without endometriosis, suggesting distinct inflammatory patterns between these conditions. No significant correlations were identified between circulating inflammatory biomarkers and AMH concentrations. Conclusions: Women with endometriosis and infertile women without endometriosis exhibit distinct systemic inflammatory profiles rather than simply different levels of inflammation. The IL-6/TNF-α ratio may provide additional information regarding the balance of inflammatory pathways beyond the isolated evaluation of individual cytokines. Larger prospective studies integrating systemic and local inflammatory biomarkers with assisted reproductive outcomes are warranted to validate these findings and further explore their clinical relevance.

Background/Objectives: Endometriosis is frequently associated with infertility and may affect several aspects of reproductive competence. However, whether women with endometriosis exhibit different preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) outcomes compared with women without endometriosis remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare the distribution of PGT-A chromosomal outcomes—including euploid, mosaic, aneuploid, and complex aneuploid results—between women with and without endometriosis undergoing IVF. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 160 women who underwent IVF treatment between January 2023 and January 2026, including 55 women with endometriosis and 105 controls without evidence of endometriosis. A total of 129 blastocysts underwent trophectoderm biopsy and PGT-A, of which 120 yielded conclusive chromosomal results. PGT-A outcomes were classified as euploid, mosaic, aneuploid, or complex aneuploid. The overall distribution of the four PGT-A outcome categories was compared between groups using an unadjusted chi-square test. Results: Among blastocysts with conclusive PGT-A results, the proportions of euploid, mosaic, aneuploid, and complex aneuploid embryos were 31.6%, 18.4%, 26.3%, and 23.7%, respectively, in the endometriosis group and 42.7%, 14.6%, 25.6%, and 17.1%, respectively, in the control group. The overall distribution of PGT-A chromosomal outcome categories did not differ significantly between groups (χ² = 1.65, df = 3, p = 0.648). Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort, no statistically significant difference was observed in the overall distribution of PGT-A chromosomal outcomes between women with endometriosis and controls. Although numerical differences were observed across individual outcome categories, the absence of statistical significance should not be interpreted as evidence of equivalence between the groups, particularly given the limited precision of the estimates. Larger patient-level studies accounting for within-patient clustering and relevant clinical and embryological confounders are needed to further clarify the relationship between endometriosis and PGT-A outcomes.