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Prof. Ye Liu
Sun Yat-sen University

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Journal article
Published: 17 August 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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Residential greenspace quality may be more important for people's mental health than the quantity of greenspace. Existing literature mainly focuses on greenspace quantity and is limited to exposure metrics based on an over-head perspective (i.e., remote sensing data). Thus, whether greenspace quantity and quality influence mental health through different mechanisms remains unclear. To compare the mechanisms through which greenspace quantity and quality influence mental health, we used both remote sensing and street view data. Questionnaire data from 1003 participants in Guangzhou, China were analysed cross-sectionally. Mental health was assessed through the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Greenspace quantity was measured by both remote sensing-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Street View Greenness-quantity (SVG-quantity). Greenspace quality was measured by both Street View Greenness-quality (SVG-quality) and questionnaire-based self-reported greenspace quality. Structural equation models were used to assess mechanisms through which neighbourhood greenspace exposure has an influence on mental health. Stress, social cohesion, physical activity and life satisfaction were found to mediate both SVG-quality - WHO-5 scores and self-reported greenspace quality - WHO-5 scores associations. However, only NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) mediated the association between NDVI and WHO-5 scores, while NO2, perceived pollution and social cohesion mediated the association between SVG-quantity and WHO-5 scores. The mechanisms through which neighbourhood greenspace exposure influences mental health may vary across different exposure assessment strategies. Greenspace quantity influences mental health through reducing harm from pollution, while greenspace quality influences mental health through restoring and building capacities.

ACS Style

Ruoyu Wang; Zhiqiang Feng; Jamie Pearce; Ye Liu; Guanghui Dong. Are greenspace quantity and quality associated with mental health through different mechanisms in Guangzhou, China: A comparison study using street view data. Environmental Pollution 2021, 290, 117976 .

AMA Style

Ruoyu Wang, Zhiqiang Feng, Jamie Pearce, Ye Liu, Guanghui Dong. Are greenspace quantity and quality associated with mental health through different mechanisms in Guangzhou, China: A comparison study using street view data. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 290 ():117976.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruoyu Wang; Zhiqiang Feng; Jamie Pearce; Ye Liu; Guanghui Dong. 2021. "Are greenspace quantity and quality associated with mental health through different mechanisms in Guangzhou, China: A comparison study using street view data." Environmental Pollution 290, no. : 117976.

Review
Published: 15 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has stimulated intensive research interest in its transmission pathways and infection factors, e.g., socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, climatology, baseline health conditions or pre-existing diseases, and government policies. Meanwhile, some empirical studies suggested that built environment attributes may be associated with the transmission mechanism and infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, no review has been conducted to explore the effect of built environment characteristics on the infection risk. This research gap prevents government officials and urban planners from creating effective urban design guidelines to contain SARS-CoV-2 infections and face future pandemic challenges. This review summarizes evidence from 25 empirical studies and provides an overview of the effect of built environment on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. Virus infection risk was positively associated with the density of commercial facilities, roads, and schools and with public transit accessibility, whereas it was negatively associated with the availability of green spaces. This review recommends several directions for future studies, namely using longitudinal research design and individual-level data, considering multilevel factors and extending to diversified geographic areas.

ACS Style

Jingjing Wang; Xueying Wu; Ruoyu Wang; Dongsheng He; Dongying Li; Linchuan Yang; Yiyang Yang; Yi Lu. Review of Associations between Built Environment Characteristics and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Risk. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7561 .

AMA Style

Jingjing Wang, Xueying Wu, Ruoyu Wang, Dongsheng He, Dongying Li, Linchuan Yang, Yiyang Yang, Yi Lu. Review of Associations between Built Environment Characteristics and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Risk. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (14):7561.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingjing Wang; Xueying Wu; Ruoyu Wang; Dongsheng He; Dongying Li; Linchuan Yang; Yiyang Yang; Yi Lu. 2021. "Review of Associations between Built Environment Characteristics and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Risk." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7561.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2021 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Extreme heat is a leading cause of weather-related human mortality throughout much of the world, posing a significantly heavy burden on the development of healthy and sustainable cities. To effectively reduce heat health risk, a better understanding of where and what risk factors should be targeted for intervention is necessary. However, little research has examined how different risk factors for heat-related mortality operate at varying spatial scales. Here, we present a novel application of the multiscale geographically weighted regression (GWR) approach to explore the scale of effect of each underlying risk factor using Hong Kong as a case study. We find that a hybrid of global and local processes via multiscale GWR yields a better fit of heat-related mortality risk than models using GWR and ordinary least squares (OLS) approaches. Predictor variables are categorized by the scale of effect into global variables (i.e., age and education attainment, socioeconomic status), intermediate variables (i.e., work place, birth place and language), and local variables (i.e., thermal environment, low income). These findings enrich our understanding of the spatial scale-dependent risk factors for heat-related mortality and shed light on the importance of hierarchical policy-making and site-specific planning processes in effective heat hazard mitigation and climate adaptation strategies.

ACS Style

Jinglu Song; Hanchen Yu; Yi Lu. Spatial-scale dependent risk factors of heat-related mortality: A multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 74, 103159 .

AMA Style

Jinglu Song, Hanchen Yu, Yi Lu. Spatial-scale dependent risk factors of heat-related mortality: A multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 74 ():103159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinglu Song; Hanchen Yu; Yi Lu. 2021. "Spatial-scale dependent risk factors of heat-related mortality: A multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis." Sustainable Cities and Society 74, no. : 103159.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2021 in Sustainability
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The link between the built environment and residential segregation has long been of interest to the discussion for sustainable and socially resilient cities. However, direct assessments on how extensively diverse built environments affect the social landscapes of cities at the neighborhood level are rare. Here, we investigate whether neighborhoods with a diverse built environment also exhibit different socio-economic profiles. Through a geodemographic approach, we scrutinize the socio-economic composition of Shanghai’s neighborhoods. We statistically compare the top 10% (very high values) to the bottom 10% (very low values) of the following built environment variables: density, land use mix, land use balance, and greenness. We show that high-density areas have three times the percentage of divorced residents than low-density areas. Neighborhoods with a high level of greenness have median values of 30% more residents aged between 25–44 years old and five times the percentage of houses between 60 to 119 m2 than low-greenness areas. In high land-use mix areas, the share of people that live on a pension is 30% more than the low land-use mix areas. The findings of this study can be used to improve the designs of modern, sustainable cities at the neighborhood level, significantly improving quality of life.

ACS Style

George Grekousis; Zhuolin Pan; Ye Liu. Do Neighborhoods with Highly Diverse Built Environment Exhibit Different Socio-Economic Profiles as Well? Evidence from Shanghai. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7544 .

AMA Style

George Grekousis, Zhuolin Pan, Ye Liu. Do Neighborhoods with Highly Diverse Built Environment Exhibit Different Socio-Economic Profiles as Well? Evidence from Shanghai. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7544.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George Grekousis; Zhuolin Pan; Ye Liu. 2021. "Do Neighborhoods with Highly Diverse Built Environment Exhibit Different Socio-Economic Profiles as Well? Evidence from Shanghai." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7544.

Preprint content
Published: 28 June 2021
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Background: Equitable access to sports services has drawn attention from policymakers and planners in China as people’s health has been placed at the centre of the country’s policy-making machinery. However, existing approaches to measure the spatial accessibility of sports facilities tend to ignore the heterogeneity in potential users’ demands and facility preferences, thereby causing a bias in the measurement of accessibility. Methods: To accurately measure the spatial accessibility of sports facilities, this paper proposes a multi-preference Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (MG2SFCA) method, taking into account different travel modes, catchment sizes, and facility preferences among different age groups. Empirically, using high-resolution gridded data on actual population distribution, we adopted the MG2SFCA method in examining the spatial accessibility of sports facilities among children, working-age population, and elderly population under walking, cycling, and driving modes in Dongguan, China. Further, a comparison was made between the accessibility results measured by the MG2SFCA method and the Gaussian 2SFCA method.Results: The results indicated a significant spatial disparity in the accessibility to sports facilities, with better accessibility in the north and poorer accessibility in the south. Children have the best access to sports facilities, followed by working-age and elderly populations. In the comparison among different transport modes, the accessibility distribution of sports facilities in walking mode showed the greatest spatial variation, while accessibility in driving mode was the most balanced. The spatial variation of accessibility scores of MG2SFCA was more significant than that of Gaussian 2SFCA.Conclusions: The MG2SFCA method is superior to the traditional Gaussian 2SFCA method because the former can capture disadvantaged people’s actual needs for sports facilities more accurately than the latter. Introducing demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of individuals into spatial accessibility measurement has a vital impact on the accurate reflection of accessibility inequality.

ACS Style

Tong Xiao; Tengfei Ding; Xiaoke Zhang; Zhuolin Tao; Ye Liu. Spatial Accessibility to Sports Facilities in Dongguan, China: A Multi-Preference Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Tong Xiao, Tengfei Ding, Xiaoke Zhang, Zhuolin Tao, Ye Liu. Spatial Accessibility to Sports Facilities in Dongguan, China: A Multi-Preference Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tong Xiao; Tengfei Ding; Xiaoke Zhang; Zhuolin Tao; Ye Liu. 2021. "Spatial Accessibility to Sports Facilities in Dongguan, China: A Multi-Preference Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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Limitations of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) potentially contributed to the inconsistent findings of greenspace exposure and childhood asthma. The aim of this study was to use a novel greenness exposure assessment method, capable of overcoming the limitation of NDVI to determine the extent to which it was associated with asthma prevalence in Chinese children. During 2009–2013, a cross-sectional study of 59,754 children aged 2–17 years was conducted in northeast China. Tencent street view images surrounding participants’ schools were segmented by a deep learning model, and streetscape greenness was extracted. The green view index (GVI) was used to assign exposure and higher value indicates more green coverage. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds of asthma per interquartile range (IQR) increase of GVI for trees and grass. Participants were further stratified to investigate whether particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) was a modifier. An IQR increase in GVI800m for trees was associated with lower adjusted odds of doctor-diagnosed asthma (OR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.72–0.80) and current asthma (OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.75–0.89). An IQR increase in GVI800m for grass was associated with higher adjusted odds of doctor-diagnosed asthma (OR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.00–1.08) and current asthma (OR: 1.08; 95%CI: 1.02–1.14). After stratification by PM2.5 exposure level, the negative association between trees and asthma, and the positive association between grass and asthma were observed only in low PM2.5 exposure levels (≤median: 56.23 μg/m3). Our results suggest that types of vegetation may play a role in the association between greenness exposure and childhood asthma. Exposure to trees may reduce the odds of childhood asthma, whereas exposure to grass may increase the odds. Additionally, PM2.5 may modify the associations of trees and grass with childhood asthma.

ACS Style

Hongyao Yu; Yang Zhou; Ruoyu Wang; Zhengmin Qian; Luke D. Knibbs; Bin Jalaludin; Mario Schootman; Stephen Edward McMillin; Steven W. Howard; Li-Zi Lin; Peien Zhou; Li-Wen Hu; Ru-Qing Liu; Bo-Yi Yang; Gongbo Chen; Xiao-Wen Zeng; Wenru Feng; Mingdeng Xiang; Guang-Hui Dong. Associations between trees and grass presence with childhood asthma prevalence using deep learning image segmentation and a novel green view index. Environmental Pollution 2021, 286, 117582 .

AMA Style

Hongyao Yu, Yang Zhou, Ruoyu Wang, Zhengmin Qian, Luke D. Knibbs, Bin Jalaludin, Mario Schootman, Stephen Edward McMillin, Steven W. Howard, Li-Zi Lin, Peien Zhou, Li-Wen Hu, Ru-Qing Liu, Bo-Yi Yang, Gongbo Chen, Xiao-Wen Zeng, Wenru Feng, Mingdeng Xiang, Guang-Hui Dong. Associations between trees and grass presence with childhood asthma prevalence using deep learning image segmentation and a novel green view index. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 286 ():117582.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongyao Yu; Yang Zhou; Ruoyu Wang; Zhengmin Qian; Luke D. Knibbs; Bin Jalaludin; Mario Schootman; Stephen Edward McMillin; Steven W. Howard; Li-Zi Lin; Peien Zhou; Li-Wen Hu; Ru-Qing Liu; Bo-Yi Yang; Gongbo Chen; Xiao-Wen Zeng; Wenru Feng; Mingdeng Xiang; Guang-Hui Dong. 2021. "Associations between trees and grass presence with childhood asthma prevalence using deep learning image segmentation and a novel green view index." Environmental Pollution 286, no. : 117582.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2021 in Land Use Policy
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The change of cultivated land pattern (CLP) has a significant impact on cultivated land system security (CLSS), and is the foundation of ensuring adequate provision of cultivated land, and the premise of achieving sustainable development of the society. While there is a lack of research on the CLP optimization with the goal of achieving CLSS, particularly lacking research that taking the main grain production areas at the provincial scale as a study area. Hence, taking Heilongjiang Province in China as the study area, this paper uses the regional interpolation of ArcGIS spatial analysis and Auto-Logistics method to diagnose the common driving factors of CLSS and CLP change, and further sets up different development scenarios with the goal of CLSS to carry out the study of CLP optimization through the introduction of Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model. The results showed that: Firstly, the dynamic changes of paddy field, dryland and cultivated land were the most intense in the eastern Sanjiang Plain, the second in the western Songnen Plain, the weakest in the north-south axis, and the changes of paddy field and dryland were more intense in the later period (2010–2015) than in the earlier period (1995–2010); Secondly, regional interpolation in ArcGIS and Auto-Logistics method can effectively and reasonably spatialize, and diagnose the key factors (terrain and geomorphology including elevation and slope, socio-economic (distance to residential area, agricultural three wastes index) and farmland productivity potential) which affect the change of CLSS and CLP; Thirdly, the Kappa test coefficient of CLP optimization based on FLUS model is 0.898, with good simulation accuracy, meaning the combination of Auto-logistic and FLUS can achieve high-precision simulation of CLP. The simulation results that under the integrated control scenarios of food security, ecological protection and economic development, the regional food security, ecological protection and economic development are considered comprehensively, and the contradictions among the three are coordinated, which is more reasonable and conducive to the improvement of CLSS. Fourthly, the policies on controlling the growth rate of paddy fields, rationally reducing rural residential areas and decreasing agricultural three wastes should be strengthened to implement the optimal CLP and improve CLSS. The results bestow convincing insights on decision-making for the implementation of the optimal distribution of cultivated land resources and the compilation of the national land space plan, and also provide an important reference for the study area to improve CLSS by optimizing CLP.

ACS Style

Lili Chen; Hongsheng Zhao; Ge Song; Ye Liu. Optimization of cultivated land pattern for achieving cultivated land system security: A case study in Heilongjiang Province, China. Land Use Policy 2021, 108, 105589 .

AMA Style

Lili Chen, Hongsheng Zhao, Ge Song, Ye Liu. Optimization of cultivated land pattern for achieving cultivated land system security: A case study in Heilongjiang Province, China. Land Use Policy. 2021; 108 ():105589.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lili Chen; Hongsheng Zhao; Ge Song; Ye Liu. 2021. "Optimization of cultivated land pattern for achieving cultivated land system security: A case study in Heilongjiang Province, China." Land Use Policy 108, no. : 105589.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: A growing body of scientific literature indicates that risk factors for COVID-19 contribute to a high level of psychological distress. However, there is no consensus on which factors contribute more to predicting psychological health. Objectives: The present study quantifies the importance of related risk factors on the level of psychological distress and further explores the threshold effect of each rick factor on the level of psychological distress. Both subjective and objective measures of risk factors are considered in the model. Methods: We sampled 937 individual items of data obtained from an online questionnaire between 20 January and 13 February 2020 in China. Objective risk factors were measured in terms of direct distance from respondents’ housing to the nearest COVID-19 hospital, direct distance from respondents’ housing to the nearest park, and the air quality index (AQI). Perceived risk factors were measured in regard to perceived distance to the nearest COVID-19 hospital, perceived air quality, and perceived environmental quality. Psychological distress was measured with the Kessler psychological distress scale K6 score. The following health risk factors and sociodemographic factors were considered: self-rated health level, physical health status, physical activity, current smoker or drinker, age, gender, marital status, educational attainment level, residence location, and household income level. A gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) was used to analyse the data. Results: Health risk factors were the greatest contributors to predicting the level of psychological distress, with a relative importance of 42.32% among all influential factors. Objective risk factors had a stronger predictive power than perceived risk factors (23.49% vs. 16.26%). Furthermore, it was found that there was a dramatic rise in the moderate level of psychological distress regarding the threshold of AQI between 40 and 50, and 110 and 130, respectively. Gender-sensitive analysis revealed that women and men responded differently to psychological distress based on different risk factors. Conclusion: We found evidence that perceived indoor air quality played a more important role in predicting psychological distress compared to ambient air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ACS Style

Yiyi Chen; Ye Liu. Which Risk Factors Matter More for Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Application Approach of Gradient Boosting Decision Trees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5879 .

AMA Style

Yiyi Chen, Ye Liu. Which Risk Factors Matter More for Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Application Approach of Gradient Boosting Decision Trees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):5879.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiyi Chen; Ye Liu. 2021. "Which Risk Factors Matter More for Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Application Approach of Gradient Boosting Decision Trees." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5879.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2021 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Various social distancing measures carried out in many cities worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19). These measures have led to decreased physical activity levels and higher health risks among urban populations. Strong evidence has been established that built environment characteristics can stimulate physical activity and thus improve public health during non-pandemic periods. Urban density was arguably one of the most important built environment characteristics. however, little is known about whether high urban density amplifies or attenuates the decline in physical activity during the pandemic. Based on two-wave physical activity data collected before and during the pandemic (in January and May 2020 respectively), we used moderation analysis to compare the changes in physical activity levels between people living in low- and high-density neighborhoods. Our results showed that people living in low-density areas have smaller decrease in physical activity conducted in neighborhood, compared to those living in high-density areas. Our findings suggest that a flexible and porous urban development strategy could enhance the resilience of a city during the coronavirus pandemic and beyond.

ACS Style

Jingjing Wang; Yiyang Yang; Jiandong Peng; Linchuan Yang; Zhonghua Gou; Yi Lu. Moderation effect of urban density on changes in physical activity during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 72, 103058 .

AMA Style

Jingjing Wang, Yiyang Yang, Jiandong Peng, Linchuan Yang, Zhonghua Gou, Yi Lu. Moderation effect of urban density on changes in physical activity during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 72 ():103058.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingjing Wang; Yiyang Yang; Jiandong Peng; Linchuan Yang; Zhonghua Gou; Yi Lu. 2021. "Moderation effect of urban density on changes in physical activity during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic." Sustainable Cities and Society 72, no. : 103058.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Journal of Transport Geography
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Population aging is a conspicuous demographic trend shaping the world profoundly. Walking is a critical travel mode and physical activity for older adults. As such, there is a need to determine the factors influencing the walking behavior of older people in the era of population aging. Streetscape greenery is an easily perceived built-environment attribute and can promote walking behavior, but it has received insufficient attention. More importantly, the non-linear effects of streetscape greenery on the walking behavior of older adults have not been examined. We therefore use readily available Google Street View imagery and a fully convolutional neural network to evaluate human-scale, eye-level streetscape greenery. Using data from the Hong Kong Travel Characteristic Survey, we adopt a machine learning technique, namely random forest modeling, to scrutinize the non-linear effects of streetscape greenery on the walking propensity of older adults. The results show that streetscape greenery has a positive effect on walking propensity within a certain range, but outside the range, the positive association no longer holds. The non-linear associations of other built-environment attributes are also examined.

ACS Style

Linchuan Yang; Yibin Ao; Jintao Ke; Yi Lu; Yuan Liang. To walk or not to walk? Examining non-linear effects of streetscape greenery on walking propensity of older adults. Journal of Transport Geography 2021, 94, 103099 .

AMA Style

Linchuan Yang, Yibin Ao, Jintao Ke, Yi Lu, Yuan Liang. To walk or not to walk? Examining non-linear effects of streetscape greenery on walking propensity of older adults. Journal of Transport Geography. 2021; 94 ():103099.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linchuan Yang; Yibin Ao; Jintao Ke; Yi Lu; Yuan Liang. 2021. "To walk or not to walk? Examining non-linear effects of streetscape greenery on walking propensity of older adults." Journal of Transport Geography 94, no. : 103099.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Nature underpins human well-being in critical ways, especially in health. Nature provides pollination of nutritious crops, purification of drinking water, protection from floods, and climate security, among other well-studied health benefits. A crucial, yet challenging, research frontier is clarifying how nature promotes physical activity for its many mental and physical health benefits, particularly in densely populated cities with scarce and dwindling access to nature. Here we frame this frontier by conceptually developing a spatial decision-support tool that shows where, how, and for whom urban nature promotes physical activity, to inform urban greening efforts and broader health assessments. We synthesize what is known, present a model framework, and detail the model steps and data needs that can yield generalizable spatial models and an effective tool for assessing the urban nature–physical activity relationship. Current knowledge supports an initial model that can distinguish broad trends and enrich urban planning, spatial policy, and public health decisions. New, iterative research and application will reveal the importance of different types of urban nature, the different subpopulations who will benefit from it, and nature’s potential contribution to creating more equitable, green, livable cities with active inhabitants.

ACS Style

Roy P. Remme; Howard Frumkin; Anne D. Guerry; Abby C. King; Lisa Mandle; Chethan Sarabu; Gregory N. Bratman; Billie Giles-Corti; Perrine Hamel; Baolong Han; Jennifer L. Hicks; Peter James; Joshua J. Lawler; Therese Lindahl; Hongxiao Liu; Yi Lu; Bram Oosterbroek; Bibek Paudel; James F. Sallis; Jasper Schipperijn; Rok Sosič; Sjerp de Vries; Benedict W. Wheeler; Spencer A. Wood; Tong Wu; Gretchen C. Daily. An ecosystem service perspective on urban nature, physical activity, and health. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2021, 118, 1 .

AMA Style

Roy P. Remme, Howard Frumkin, Anne D. Guerry, Abby C. King, Lisa Mandle, Chethan Sarabu, Gregory N. Bratman, Billie Giles-Corti, Perrine Hamel, Baolong Han, Jennifer L. Hicks, Peter James, Joshua J. Lawler, Therese Lindahl, Hongxiao Liu, Yi Lu, Bram Oosterbroek, Bibek Paudel, James F. Sallis, Jasper Schipperijn, Rok Sosič, Sjerp de Vries, Benedict W. Wheeler, Spencer A. Wood, Tong Wu, Gretchen C. Daily. An ecosystem service perspective on urban nature, physical activity, and health. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2021; 118 (22):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roy P. Remme; Howard Frumkin; Anne D. Guerry; Abby C. King; Lisa Mandle; Chethan Sarabu; Gregory N. Bratman; Billie Giles-Corti; Perrine Hamel; Baolong Han; Jennifer L. Hicks; Peter James; Joshua J. Lawler; Therese Lindahl; Hongxiao Liu; Yi Lu; Bram Oosterbroek; Bibek Paudel; James F. Sallis; Jasper Schipperijn; Rok Sosič; Sjerp de Vries; Benedict W. Wheeler; Spencer A. Wood; Tong Wu; Gretchen C. Daily. 2021. "An ecosystem service perspective on urban nature, physical activity, and health." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 22: 1.

Review
Published: 12 May 2021 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Digital contact tracing provides an expeditious and comprehensive way to collect and analyze data on people’s proximity, location, movement, and health status. However, this technique raises concerns about data privacy and its overall effectiveness. This paper contributes to this debate as it provides a systematic review of digital contact tracing studies between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021. Following the PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews and the CHEERS statement for quality assessment, 580 papers were initially screened, and 19 papers were included in a qualitative synthesis. We add to the current literature in three ways. First, we evaluate whether digital contact tracing can mitigate COVID-19 by either reducing the effective reproductive number or the infected cases. Second, we study whether digital is more effective than manual contact tracing. Third, we analyze how proximity/location awareness technologies affect data privacy and population participation. We also discuss proximity/location accuracy problems arising when these technologies are applied in different built environments (i.e., home, transport, mall, park). This review provides a strong rationale for using digital contact tracing under specific requirements. Outcomes may inform current digital contact tracing implementation efforts worldwide regarding the potential benefits, technical limitations, and trade-offs between effectiveness and privacy.

ACS Style

George Grekousis; Ye Liu. Digital contact tracing, community uptake, and proximity awareness technology to fight COVID-19: a systematic review. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 71, 102995 -102995.

AMA Style

George Grekousis, Ye Liu. Digital contact tracing, community uptake, and proximity awareness technology to fight COVID-19: a systematic review. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 71 ():102995-102995.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George Grekousis; Ye Liu. 2021. "Digital contact tracing, community uptake, and proximity awareness technology to fight COVID-19: a systematic review." Sustainable Cities and Society 71, no. : 102995-102995.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2021 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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Sensing urban greenness from street view data offers a new and alternative way of measuring the association between greenness exposure and subjective wellbeing in developing countries where traditional census data are poor. This paper focuses on the association between life satisfaction and street-level visible greenness exposure at residential and work locations, using a combination of sensor data and individual cross-sectional survey data (4619 employed respondents) in Beijing, China. We use a single self-reported question (‘“how well are you satisfied with your life as a whole”’) to measure life satisfaction. Street View Greenness (SVG) is taken as a surrogate for street-level visible greenness exposure at residential and work locations. The results suggest that street-level visible greenness exposure in residential locations is positively associated with perceived satisfaction, though such effects are less significant after considering greenness exposure at work locations. The stratified analysis provides the insight that the associations between street-level visible greenness exposure and life satisfaction vary with individual demographic and socioeconomic characteristics such as sex, age educational attainment and income. Males, young adults, people with low income and educational attainment may benefit more from SVG exposure than other groups. Findings of this study suggest that urban greenness in residential and work environments should simultaneously be taken into the design of land use and public policies aiming to improve people’s subjective wellbeing.

ACS Style

Wenjie Wu; Yao Yao; Yimeng Song; Dongsheng He; Ruoyu Wang. Perceived influence of street-level visible greenness exposure in the work and residential environment on life satisfaction: Evidence from Beijing, China. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2021, 62, 127161 .

AMA Style

Wenjie Wu, Yao Yao, Yimeng Song, Dongsheng He, Ruoyu Wang. Perceived influence of street-level visible greenness exposure in the work and residential environment on life satisfaction: Evidence from Beijing, China. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2021; 62 ():127161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenjie Wu; Yao Yao; Yimeng Song; Dongsheng He; Ruoyu Wang. 2021. "Perceived influence of street-level visible greenness exposure in the work and residential environment on life satisfaction: Evidence from Beijing, China." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 62, no. : 127161.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2021 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related social distancing measures have altered the daily lifestyles of people worldwide. Although studies on this disease are emerging rapidly, less is known about the impacts of COVID-19 and urban greenery on leisure-time physical activity, which is critical to maintain health for urban residents during the pandemic. In this study, we used a natural experimental research design to identify whether urban greenery cushions the decrease in leisure-time physical activity caused by the pandemic and related social distancing measures in a high-density city. The two-wave physical activity data (before and during the pandemic) were collected for urban residents in neighborhoods with high or low levels of greenery. The results of difference-in-differences model suggest that urban greenery mitigated the decrease in physical activity during the pandemic. People who lived in greener neighborhoods experienced a lesser decrease in the leisure-time physical activity level than those who lived in less green neighborhoods. Additionally, people who lived in greener neighborhoods experienced increased levels of physical activity related to visits to country parks during the pandemic. These findings suggest that urban green spaces play a significant role in shaping physical activity and providing a refuge for the public during crises. Our study is among the first to investigate the impact of urban greenery on pandemic-induced changes in leisure-time physical activity in densely populated Asian cities, and our findings shed light on the potential protective role of urban greenery on public health during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

ACS Style

Yiyang Yang; Yi Lu; Linchuan Yang; Zhonghua Gou; Ye Liu. Urban greenery cushions the decrease in leisure-time physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: A natural experimental study. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2021, 62, 127136 -127136.

AMA Style

Yiyang Yang, Yi Lu, Linchuan Yang, Zhonghua Gou, Ye Liu. Urban greenery cushions the decrease in leisure-time physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: A natural experimental study. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2021; 62 ():127136-127136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiyang Yang; Yi Lu; Linchuan Yang; Zhonghua Gou; Ye Liu. 2021. "Urban greenery cushions the decrease in leisure-time physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: A natural experimental study." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 62, no. : 127136-127136.

Article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Chinese Geographical Science
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The increase in China’s skilled labor force has drawn much attention from policymakers, national and international firms and media. Understanding how educated talent locates and re-locates across the country can guide future policy discussions of equality, firm localization and service allocation. Prior studies have tended to adopt a static cross-national approach providing valuable insights into the relative importance of economic and amenity differentials driving the distribution of talent in China. Yet, few adopt longitudinal analysis to examine the temporal dynamics in the stregnth of existing associations. Recently released official statistical data now enables space-time analysis of the geographic distribution of talent and its determinants in China. Using four-year city-level data from national population censuses and 1% population sample surveys conducted every five years between 2000 and 2015, we examine the spatial patterns of talent across Chinese cities and their underpinning drivers evolve over time. Results reveal that the spatial distribution of talent in China is persistently unequal and spatially concentrated between 2000 and 2015. It also shows gradually strengthened and significantly positive spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of talent. An eigenvector spatial filtering negative binomial panel is employed to model the spatial determinants of talent distribution. Results indicate the influences of both economic opportunities and urban amenities, particularly urban public services and greening rate, on the distribution of talent. These results highlight that urban economic- and amenity-related factors have simultaneously driven China’s talent’s settlement patterns over the first fifteen years of the 21st century.

ACS Style

Hengyu Gu; Francisco Rowe; Ye Liu; Tiyan Shen. Geography of Talent in China During 2000–2015: An Eigenvector Spatial Filtering Negative Binomial Approach. Chinese Geographical Science 2021, 31, 297 -312.

AMA Style

Hengyu Gu, Francisco Rowe, Ye Liu, Tiyan Shen. Geography of Talent in China During 2000–2015: An Eigenvector Spatial Filtering Negative Binomial Approach. Chinese Geographical Science. 2021; 31 (2):297-312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hengyu Gu; Francisco Rowe; Ye Liu; Tiyan Shen. 2021. "Geography of Talent in China During 2000–2015: An Eigenvector Spatial Filtering Negative Binomial Approach." Chinese Geographical Science 31, no. 2: 297-312.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Land
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Farmland transfer is an important factor affecting rural households’ income and sustainable development of rural areas in developing countries. However, recent studies have reached controversial conclusions on how farmland transfer affects rural households’ income because of ignoring the household differentiation and the difference in the impacts of farmland transfer-in and transfer-out on the income structure. Taking the Heilongjiang province, the major cereal production area in China, as the study area, the paper aims to estimate the impacts of farmland transfer-in or transfer-out of different rural households on income structure based on the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) model. Results showed that the total income of all rural households transferring-in farmland increased significantly while the income decreased after transferring-out farmland, and I part-time households have the largest increase, followed by pure-agricultural households and II part-time households, whereas I part-time households has the smallest reduction, followed by pure-agricultural households and II part-time households. Because the increase in the agricultural income and subsidies was greater than the decrease in the outworking income for I part-time households transferring-in farmland, while the outworking income not increasing but decreasing when II part-time households transferring-out farmland. We can conclude that (1) encouraging pure-agricultural and I part-time households to transfer farmland in and II part-time households to transfer out of farmland, and develop mutual assistance for the aged in rural areas should be strengthened. (2) Improving the farmland transfer market and promoting non-agricultural employment of surplus-labor need to be synchronized. (3) Agricultural subsidies should be provided to cultivators.

ACS Style

Lili Chen; Hongsheng Chen; Chaohui Zou; Ye Liu. The Impact of Farmland Transfer on Rural Households’ Income Structure in the Context of Household Differentiation: A Case Study of Heilongjiang Province, China. Land 2021, 10, 362 .

AMA Style

Lili Chen, Hongsheng Chen, Chaohui Zou, Ye Liu. The Impact of Farmland Transfer on Rural Households’ Income Structure in the Context of Household Differentiation: A Case Study of Heilongjiang Province, China. Land. 2021; 10 (4):362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lili Chen; Hongsheng Chen; Chaohui Zou; Ye Liu. 2021. "The Impact of Farmland Transfer on Rural Households’ Income Structure in the Context of Household Differentiation: A Case Study of Heilongjiang Province, China." Land 10, no. 4: 362.

Chapter
Published: 30 March 2021 in The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods
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China’s rapid economic growth since the early 1980s has been accompanied by a substantial increase in economic inequality. Economic restructuring, rural–urban migration, globalization and marketization have jointly led to a transformation of the socio-spatial structure of large Chinese cities. Although a handful of studies have examined the level and pattern of socioeconomic segregation in a particular Chinese city using neighbourhood-level census data from the year 2000, little research has been done to investigate in-depth changes in the level and pattern of segregation using more up to date and more geographically detailed data. This chapter aims to examine the levels, patterns and drivers of socioeconomic segregation in Shanghai, China, using neighbourhood-level and subdistrict-level data from the 2000 and 2010 decennial population census. This chapter uses the dissimilarity index to measure the overall level of socioeconomic segregation by occupation and household registration (hukou) status. Based on a location quotient and neighbourhood composition, it also illustrates the change in the spatial pattern of segregation. The chapter ends with a discussion on the possible drivers of segregation and policy suggestions to combat segregation in large Chinese cities.

ACS Style

Zhuolin Pan; Ye Liu; Yang Xiao; Zhigang Li. Social Polarization and Socioeconomic Segregation in Shanghai, China: Evidence from 2000 and 2010 Censuses. The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods 2021, 171 -189.

AMA Style

Zhuolin Pan, Ye Liu, Yang Xiao, Zhigang Li. Social Polarization and Socioeconomic Segregation in Shanghai, China: Evidence from 2000 and 2010 Censuses. The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods. 2021; ():171-189.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhuolin Pan; Ye Liu; Yang Xiao; Zhigang Li. 2021. "Social Polarization and Socioeconomic Segregation in Shanghai, China: Evidence from 2000 and 2010 Censuses." The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods , no. : 171-189.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2021 in Cities
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Although many studies have confirmed the effects of the built environment on adiposity outcomes in the general population, evidence for young adults is scarce. Furthermore, most prior studies are prone to residential self-selection bias due to the nature of cross-sectional research design, which makes the built environment–adiposity relationship spurious. In this study, we explored the associations between the built environment and three objectively measured adiposity outcomes for a large representative sample of 20,227 undergraduate students from 89 university campuses in China. The adiposity outcomes were measured by body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The residential self-selection bias was largely mitigated because these students are required to live in campus dormitories. As shown by multilevel models, street connectivity, population density, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within and around the campus environment were negatively associated with the odds of adiposity to different extents. Furthermore, the adiposity outcomes of male and low cost-of-living undergraduates were more likely to be affected by built environment characteristics compared to female and high cost-of-living undergraduates. Hence, to deliver effective environment interventions to curb the prevalence of adiposity among undergraduate students, policymakers and university managers are advised to create a more carefully conceived campus environment.

ACS Style

Haoran Yang; Dongsheng He; Yi Lu; Chao Ren; Xu Huang. Disentangling residential self-selection from the influence of built environment characteristics on adiposity outcomes among undergraduate students in China. Cities 2021, 113, 103165 .

AMA Style

Haoran Yang, Dongsheng He, Yi Lu, Chao Ren, Xu Huang. Disentangling residential self-selection from the influence of built environment characteristics on adiposity outcomes among undergraduate students in China. Cities. 2021; 113 ():103165.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haoran Yang; Dongsheng He; Yi Lu; Chao Ren; Xu Huang. 2021. "Disentangling residential self-selection from the influence of built environment characteristics on adiposity outcomes among undergraduate students in China." Cities 113, no. : 103165.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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As global communities respond to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), urban residents worldwide have reduced their mobility, which may have incidentally kept people away from greenspaces. Surprisingly, anecdotal evidence suggests greenspace use surged in Asian cities. In this study, we used the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment to investigate individuals' behavioral changes in greenspace use before and during the pandemic. We created a longitudinal panel dataset comprising Instagram posts from 100,232 users relating to 1185 greenspaces in four Asian cities: Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo, and Seoul. We found a 5.3% increase in the odds of people using greenspaces for every 100-case increase in weekly new cases. The models also revealed that people prefer nature parks that are large and close to city centers. In summary, because of the established physical and mental health benefits of greenspaces, people have been escaping to nature to cope with the pandemic in Asian cities.

ACS Style

Yi Lu; Jianting Zhao; Xueying Wu; Siu Ming Lo. Escaping to nature during a pandemic: A natural experiment in Asian cities during the COVID-19 pandemic with big social media data. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 777, 146092 .

AMA Style

Yi Lu, Jianting Zhao, Xueying Wu, Siu Ming Lo. Escaping to nature during a pandemic: A natural experiment in Asian cities during the COVID-19 pandemic with big social media data. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 777 ():146092.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yi Lu; Jianting Zhao; Xueying Wu; Siu Ming Lo. 2021. "Escaping to nature during a pandemic: A natural experiment in Asian cities during the COVID-19 pandemic with big social media data." Science of The Total Environment 777, no. : 146092.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2021 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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Urban parks have well-documented health benefits for urban residents. To increase the use of parks and enhance the physical activity level of city-dwellers, recent studies have explored the link between the amount of greenery in parks and the level of park usage. However, the results have been inconsistent, partly due to different measurements of park greenery. In this study, we developed a novel method to assess both the quantity and quality of park greenery from eye-level photographs taken along major paths in parks. The quantity of greenery in these photographs was objectively assessed with advanced machine learning techniques (PSPNet), and the quality of greenery was assessed by virtual audit. The associations between greenery and usage of 43 urban parks were further explored with regression models. The results showed that the quality of greenery has stronger association with total number of park visitors than the quantity. Both the quantity and quality of greenery had stronger associations with the number of elderly visitors (apparent aged 65 or above) than with the numbers of children or adults. Our results bring new insights into how park greenery can encourage park usage and contribute to healthy cities.

ACS Style

Yiyang Yang; Yi Lu; Haoran Yang; Linchuan Yang; Zhonghua Gou. Impact of the quality and quantity of eye-level greenery on park usage. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2021, 60, 127061 .

AMA Style

Yiyang Yang, Yi Lu, Haoran Yang, Linchuan Yang, Zhonghua Gou. Impact of the quality and quantity of eye-level greenery on park usage. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2021; 60 ():127061.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiyang Yang; Yi Lu; Haoran Yang; Linchuan Yang; Zhonghua Gou. 2021. "Impact of the quality and quantity of eye-level greenery on park usage." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 60, no. : 127061.