Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of nasal injury in preterm newborns (NB) using the Neonatal Skin Condition Score within 7 days of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and to compare the incidence of injury in NB weighing ≥1,000 g and those weighing <1,000 g at the time of initiation of NIV support. Methods This is a prospective, observational study carried out in a neonatal intensive care unit of a public hospital in Rio Grande do Sul from July 2016 to January 2021. Patients were stratified into two groups at the time of NIV initiation: group 1 (weight ≥1,000 g) and group 2 (weight <1,000 g). To assess the condition of nasal injury, a rating scale called the Neonatal Skin Condition Score was applied during the first seven consecutive days on NIV. Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In total, 184 NB were evaluated. Nasal injury was reported in 55 (30%) NB. The risk of nasal injury was 74% higher in group 2 (19/45) than in group 1 (36/139) (HR: 1.74; 95%CI 0.99–3.03, p=0.048). Conclusion The incidence of nasal injury in infants submitted to NIV by nasal mask was high, and the risk of this injury was greater in preterm infants weighing <1,000 g.

O Marco de Ação da Educação 2030 e boom tecnológico são de grande relevância na Educação Inclusiva (EI). Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) na EI de escolares no processo de alfabetização. Fontes dos dados: revisão sistemática de artigos publicados nos últimos oito anos e disponíveis nas seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed, SciELO, Lilacs e Medline. A estratégia de busca incluiu a combinação das seguintes palavras-chave: inclusão educacional, equipamentos de autoajuda, dispositivos de auto ajuda, educação especial. Também incluiu os unitermos na língua inglesa: maintreaming child, education special, self-help devices child. A união dessas palavras foi feita sempre com o termo AND. Síntese dos dados: A estratégia de pesquisa resultou em 610 títulos listados e 124 selecionados para a revisão. Pela leitura do título e do resumo, 17 artigos foram selecionados e incluídos com a combinação TA na EI. A revisão possibilitou a análise de pesquisas no âmbito nacional e internacional. Participaram da análise 2881 alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais (NEEs), 391 pais e professores e 29 colaboradores da equipe de TA. Os principais resultados encontrados na revisão foram que a EI depende de diversas abordados tais como questões acadêmicas, comportamental, mobilidade / acessibilidade, social e transporte e deve haver maior compreensão sobre aplicação da TA na EI. Conclui-se que a EI deve ser parte integrante de um sistema educacional, permitir flexibilidade e adaptação curriculares para alunos com NEEs e a TA tem como benefício facilitar a inserção desses alunos no ambiente escolar.

Introduction: In neonatal therapy units, physical therapy is directed toward integral baby care. Objective: To describe the profile of newborns (NBs) hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods: Retrospective documentary study with data collection from medical records from July 2011 to July 2013. The sample consisted of NBs who performed motor and respiratory therapy. Data were grouped into five categories according to birth weight (≤ 1000g, 1001-1500g, 1501-2000g, 2001-2500g, ≥ 2501g). Results: total of 1,884 newborns were admitted to the NICU within the stipulated period, 168 (13.9%) underwent physical therapy. Of the 168 NBs who underwent physical therapy, 137 were born in the hospital (81.5%) and 31 were transferred there (18.5%); 17 of these babies died during the neonatal hospital stay (10.1%). All newborns of the extremely low birth weight group (≤ 1000g) required mechanical ventilation, 72.7% non-invasive ventilation and 16.6% high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The occurrence of pneumothorax in the extremely low birth weight group was 13.8% and 16% in the group with birth weight 1001-1500g. Conclusion: Infants with low birth weight (<2500g) constituted the profile of NBs who underwent physical therapy, which was directly related to higher incidence of death and pneumothorax, as well as increased use of mechanical and non-invasive ventilation.

Background: Congenital syphilis (CS) is a transplacental infection that can lead to many long-term sequelae when not adequately treated; however, knowledge about the motor and neurological signs that newborns (NBs) with CS may present is scarce. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the results of neurological assessment scales and general movements in NBs with CS in the first days of life. Methods: In this case-series, the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) and General Movements Assessment (GMA) scales were used to evaluate NBs under treatment for CS in a public Brazilian hospital in the first days of life. Results: The sample consisted of 11 NBs, with a mean birth weight of 3140.5 g, and an Apgar score at 5 min of 8.3. Among the 11 mothers, 4 (36.4%) had fewer than six prenatal visits and 5 (45.5%) did not receive any syphilis treatment. All NB (100%) were asymptomatic, with normal long bone X-rays and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The mean score on the HNNE was 22 (suboptimal/abnormal). Eight NBs (72.7%) showed abnormalities on GMA scale (with six [54.5%] being mildly abnormal and two [18%] definitely abnormal). Only three NBs (27.3%) returned for outpatient follow-up. Conclusions: Neurological and motor evaluations were abnormal in most of the asymptomatic NBs under treatment for CS in the first days of life, when assessed through specific scales (HNNE and GMA). Most mothers did not receive adequate treatment for syphilis during pregnancy, and there were important deficiencies in post-discharge follow-up. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigate whether the observed abnormalities are linked to biological or environmental factors during pregnancy.

To evaluate the success rate of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy using an adapted obsolete mechanical ventilator (MV), Optiflow™ and Vapotherm™ in newborns (NBs). This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The sample comprised NBs who underwent HFNC therapy due to ventilatory dysfunction, for weaning from non-invasive ventilation (NIV), or post-extubation. The three groups, stratified according to gestational age (GA) and birth weight, and corrected GA and weight at the beginning of HFNC use, were as follows: Optiflow ™, Vapotherm ™, and obsolete Mechanical Ventilator (MV) adapted for high flow therapy. Subsequently, the NBs were divided into a success group (SG) and a failure group (FG). HFNC success was defined as a therapy duration exceeding 72 h. A total of 209 NBs were evaluated, with 31.1 % using HFNC due to ventilatory dysfunction, 2.4 % after extubation, and 66.5 % after NIV weaning. HFNC success rate was observed in 90.9 % of the NBs, with no difference between equipment types (Vapotherm ™, Optiflow ™, and adapted VM). Different types of HFNC equipment are equally effective when used in neonatology for respiratory dysfunction, as a method of weaning from NIV and post-extubation. Adapted obsolete MV can be an alternative for HFCN therapy in resource-constrained settings.