Background: Depression is a growing public health burden and is one of the leading causes of disability and illness in adolescents. Lifestyle factors are associated with depressive symptoms (DSs) in adolescents. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of DSs and investigate the independent and combined associations between DSs and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen-based sedentary time (ST), and sleep duration (SLD) among Chinese adolescents aged 11–19 years. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional data were collected through questionnaires on health status and influencing factors for high school students in Ningbo, China, from a school-based study conducted from September to October in 2022 and in 2023. A multistage, stratified cluster sampling procedure was used to select target adolescents aged 11–19 years. DSs were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. A multivariate analysis was used to assess the associations between independent lifestyle behaviours (MVPA, ST, and SLD) and the combined patterns of those lifestyle behaviours with DSs. Results: The prevalence of DSs amongst the adolescents was 16.3%. Low MVPA, excessive ST, and short SLD were independently associated with a greater likelihood of DSs (all p < 0.001). The unhealthiest combined pattern of low MVPA, excessive ST, and short SLD was associated with the highest odds of DSs (OR:4.2, 95% CI:3.3, 5.2, p < 0.001). In addition, the other combined patterns of MVPA, sleep duration, and ST were significantly associated with an increase in DSs compared with the healthy combined patterns of high MVPA, appropriate ST, and sufficient SLD. Conclusion: Our results indicate that MVPA, ST, and SLD were independently and in combination associated with an increase in DSs. Effective school-based health education programmes aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles are necessary to protect the mental health of Chinese adolescents. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm causality between the combined lifestyle patterns and DSs in Chinese adolescents.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), particularly drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), remains a significant public health concern in Ningbo, China. Understanding its molecular epidemiology and spatial distribution is paramount for effective control.Methods: From December 24, 2020, to March 12, 2023, we collected clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains in Ningbo, with whole-genome sequencing performed on 130 MTB strains. We analyzed DR-related gene mutations, conducted phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses, identified recent transmission clusters, and assessed spatial distribution.Results: Among 130 DR-TB cases, 41% were MDR-TB, 36% pre-XDR-TB, 19% RR-TB, and 3% HR-TB. The phylogenetic tree showed that 90% of strains were Lineage 2 (Beijing genotype), while remaining 10% were Lineage 4 (Euro-American genotype). The spatial analysis identified hotspots of DR-TB in Ningbo’s northern region, particularly in traditional urban centers. 31 (24%) of the DR-TB cases were grouped into 7 recent transmission clusters with a large outbreak cluster containing 15 pre-XDR-TB patients. Epidemiological analyses suggested a higher risk of recent DR-TB transmission among young adult patients who frequently visited Internet cafes, game rooms, and factories.Conclusion: Our study provides comprehensive insights into the epidemiology and genetics of DR-TB in Ningbo. The presence of genomic clusters highlights recent transmission events, indicating the need for targeted interventions. These findings are vital for informing TB control strategies in Ningbo and similar settings.

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are emerging as promising platforms for drug delivery and immunotherapy. However, bacteria only secrete a small amount of OMVs during the growth process, which seriously restricts their large‐scale application. Here, a series of high‐yield OMVs mutants is developed based on probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). The mutant strain (EcNΔ tolR Δ mlaE ) with the highest OMVs yield reported so far is identified and characterized, and its OMVs yield is 180.8 times that of the wild‐type strain. More importantly, a high‐yield OMVs mutant (EcNΔ tolA Δ nlpI ) that derived OMVs can significantly improve the secretion efficiency of exogenous proteins is screened and engineered for enhanced scalability and versatility. Leveraging this platform, the prepared TOB‐PslG‐mOMVs nanoantibiotics, co‐delivering glycosyl hydrolase (PslG) and tobramycin (TOB), synergistically disrupt biofilms and demonstrate potent antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Additionally, the prepared FI‐mOMVs nanovaccines displaying the OprF _190‐342 ‐OprI _21‐83 antigenic epitope fusion protein (FI) of P. aeruginosa can effectively induce robust humoral immune and cellular immune responses and significantly enhance protection against bacterial infection. Therefore, the OMVs nanoplatform thus represents a transformative approach, opening new avenues for combating multi‐drug‐resistant bacteria through innovative nanoantibiotic and nanovaccine technologies.

Cellulomonas fimi Clb-11 can reduce high toxic Cr(VI) to less toxic Cr(III), and transcriptomics was used to reveal the key Cr(VI) uptake and reduction genes of C. fimi Clb-11 in this study. The results showed that under 0.5 mM Cr(VI) stress, 654 genes were upregulated. Among the upregulated genes, phosphate transport protein encoding genes phoU and TC.PIT, and molybdate transport protein encoding genes modA, modB, and modC were involved in the cell uptake of Cr(VI). Cytochrome c subunits encoding genes qcrA and qcrC were involved in the intracellular reduction of Cr(VI), and cytochrome c oxidase subunits encoding genes coxB and coxC were involved in extracellular electron secretion. Additionally, several unreported genes were found to be upregulated in C. fimi Clb-11 under Cr(VI) stress. The upregulated manganese transport protein encoding gene mntH may also assist Cr(VI) uptake in C. fimi Clb-11. Proton pump subunit encoding genes atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF, and atpH, as well as sodium-hydrogen antiporter subunit encoding genes mnhA and mnhC were upregulated, it may be involved in the extracellular proton secretion to reduce Cr(VI). Iron complex transport system substrate-binding protein encoding gene ABC.FEV.S, vacuolar iron transporter encoding gene VIT, FMN reductase gene encoding gene ssuE, and quinone oxidoreductase encoding genes qor and qorB were upregulated to reduce Cr(VI) in the intracellular. Our study showed theoretical importance by revealing the Cr(VI) reduction mechanism using chrome-resistant microorganisms.

Objective: To conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the Dengue Fever Surveillance and Early Warning System deployed in Ningbo City during 2023, focusing on its capacity for timely identification and reporting of dengue fever cases, particularly imported cases from endemic regions. Methods: A detailed data of patient clinical features and blood profile trends was collected from clinical records and surveillance reports, focusing on the rapid diagnostic processes and surveillance rigor. This study assessed the effectiveness of the system in identifying and reporting dengue cases and identified the limitations of the existing framework through a basic statistical approach. Results: The system demonstrated timely identification and reporting of dengue fever cases, with a particular emphasis on imported cases. However, several limitations were identified, including the need for more precise monitoring criteria and improved coordination with medical entities. Conclusion: The study underscores the critical role of public health bodies in managing disease outbreaks and advocates for enhanced methodologies to refine epidemic control efforts. The findings contribute to the advancement of early warning mechanisms and the improvement of proactive infectious disease monitoring in metropolitan environments, providing valuable insights for fortifying the Dengue Fever Surveillance and Early Warning System in Ningbo City.

The cyclic-oligonucleotide-based antiphage signaling system (CBASS) is essential for bacterial defense against phage infections, mirroring many features of the eukaryotic cGAS-STING pathway. Although metal ions are well-known regulators of cGAS-STING activation, their impact on CBASS-mediated antiviral function remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that manganese (Mn ²⁺ ) serves as a key cofactor to enhance CBASS activation. Upon phage infection, the intracellular Mn ²⁺ level is elevated, and the gene expression of the Mn ²⁺ transportation system is upregulated. We found that Mn ²⁺ directly augments the activity of DncV, markedly boosting 3′3′-cGAMP production. Consequently, the phospholipase CapV is activated more rapidly, driving premature bacterial cell lysis and curtailing phage replication. Notably, Mn ²⁺ also alleviates folate-mediated inhibition of DncV, underscoring its role as a potent modulator of cyclic dinucleotide signaling. Our findings reveal a mechanism through which Mn ²⁺ confers bacterial resistance to phages, mirroring the Mn ²⁺ -enhanced antiviral responses of mammalian cGAS-STING. IMPORTANCE: Bacteriophages pose a persistent threat to bacterial survival, driving the evolution of diverse antiviral systems, including the cyclic-oligonucleotide-based antiphage signaling system (CBASS) immunity. Here, we reveal that manganese (Mn ²⁺ ) acts as a pivotal cofactor for CBASS, directly enhancing the activity of the cGAS-like cyclase DncV to generate 3′3′-cGAMP, which, in turn, activates the phospholipase CapV. This Mn ²⁺ -driven DncV activation induces rapid bacterial cell death, thereby limiting phage replication. These findings underscore a striking parallel with mammalian cGAS-STING, where Mn ²⁺ likewise amplifies antiviral responses. By illuminating the importance of Mn ²⁺ homeostasis in bacterial phage resistance, our study broadens the understanding of bacterial innate immunity and highlights a deeply conserved mechanism across prokaryotes and eukaryotes.