(2017). 9th International Congress on Psychopharmacology & 5th International Symposium on Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology: Vol. 27, 9th International Congress on Psychopharmacology & 5th International Symposium on Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology Abstracts, pp. 85-180.

Objective: Although internalizing and externalizing disorders have received considerable attention among young population, the mechanisms that explain the relationships of internalization and externalization symptoms with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents are not well understood. Since sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms had significant associations with ADHD, and internalization/externalization disorders, we examined whether SCT may mediate between ADHD symptoms and internalizing/externalizing problems during childhood. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart-review of 95 children and adolescents (76 boys and 19 girls, aged 6–16) with ADHD. The severity of ADHD was evaluated by Turgay DSM-IV-Based Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSMIV-S) completed by teachers. Measures of SCT, internalisation and externalisation symptoms, social, thought, and attentional problems were based on the Teacher Report Form (TRF) that was completed by subjects’ primary teachers. Results: The withdrawn scores were significantly correlated with SCT scores, social problems, and ADHD-inattention. There was an inverse correlation between withdrawn and ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity scores. The mediation test using bootstrapping method showed that the indirect coefficient for SCT was significant, after controlling of ADHD-inattention and social problems covariates, consistent with partial mediation. Conclusion: Our results may demonstrate that while externalization symptoms were associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms of ADHD, the internalization symptoms were significantly related to SCT in youngs with ADHD. Specifically, although social withdrawal was significantly related to ADHD-inattention, this relationship was mediated by the severity of SCT.

Background: The causes underlying suicidal behaviour in patients with obsessive-compulsive (OCD) are not fully understood. Aim: In this study, we examined whether lifetime suicide attempt (SA), and suicide ideation (SI) was associated with affective temperaments, impulsivity, childhood traumatic events or separation anxiety. Methods: We compared OCD patients with lifetime SA (Group 1; n=25), lifetime suicide ideation (SI) (Group 2; n=62), and without lifetime SI and SA (Group 3; n=73) through Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI), Baratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS-A), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Post hoc tests showed that educational level was significantly lower in Group 1 than in both Group 2 and 3. Childhood abuse were significantly higher in attempters than ideators, and non-suicidal patients. The depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious temperaments were significantly higher in attempters and ideators compared to control subjects. The aggressive obsessions (p=0.002), childhood abuse history (p=0.009), lifetime major depression (p=0.017), and lower educational levels (p=0.006) strongly predicted the increased risk of lifetime SA, compared to non-suicidal patients. Childhood abuse (p=0.022) was the most significant predictor of lifetime SA in OCD. Conclusion: We suggested that childhood abuse history emerged as the most significant variable that distinguished lifetime attempters from only ideators in OCD patients.

Objective: In the present study, we compared social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients with (n = 31) and without childhood and adulthood separation anxiety disorder (SeAD) (n = 50) with respect to suicidal behavior, avoidant personality disorder (AvPD), other anxiety disorders (ADs), and major depression as well as some sociodemographic variables. Methods: In assessment of patients, we used Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms, childhood and adulthood Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventories, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, The SCID-II Avoidant Personality Disorder Module, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Results: SAD patients with SeAD had higher comorbidity rates of AvPD, other lifetime ADs and panic disorder, and current major depression than those without SeAD. The current scores of SAD, depression, and suicide ideation and the mean number of AvPD symptoms were significantly higher in comorbid group compared to pure SAD subjects. The SAD and SeAD scores had significant associations with current depression, suicide ideations, and AvPD. The mean number of AvPD criteria and the current severity of depression were significantly associated with the comorbidity between SAD and SeAD. Conclusion: Our findings might indicate that the comorbidity of SeAD with SAD may increase the risk of the severity of AvPD and current depression.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social media use (SMU) in children diagnosed with major depression (MD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and various psychosocial factors, including familial functioning, parental SMU, and parent-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms. A healthy control group was included for comparison. Methods: The study included 121 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years (36 with MD, 41 with ADHD, and 44 healthy controls). The Social Media Addiction Scale—Short Form (SMDS) was administered to all participants, while mothers completed the McMaster Family Assessment Scale (FAS), the Social Media Addiction Scale—Adult Form (SMAS-AF), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Psychiatric diagnoses were made using the K-SADS-PL DSM-5-T. Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to assess associations among variables. Results: SMU scores were significantly higher in the ADHD group compared to both the depression and control groups. Parental SMU was also higher in the ADHD group. In the depression group, child SMU was significantly associated with internalizing symptoms and impaired family communication. In the ADHD group, child SMU was predicted by poor family problem-solving and communication. Regression analyses showed that internalizing symptoms and family communication predicted SMU in the depression group (R² = 0.335), while family problem-solving and communication predicted SMU in the ADHD group (R² = 0.709). Conclusion: The findings suggest that social media use in children with depression and ADHD is associated with different psychosocial factors. While internalizing symptoms and family communication are more prominent in depressed children, family functioning—particularly problem-solving and communication—plays a larger role in children with ADHD. These results emphasize the need for targeted family-based interventions to mitigate problematic SMU in clinical populations.

Key words: Obsessive-compulsive disorder; childhood trauma; schizotypal traits