La comprensión de las propiedades de óxidos metálicos es fundamental para diversas aplicaciones tecnológicas. Este trabajo aborda el estudio detallado de mezclas binarias de óxidos metálicos, específicamente Fe2O3 y MgO, utilizando brucita como precursor y analizadas mediante DRX y espectroscopía UV-vis. Se identificó una clara correlación entre la proporción de componentes y sus propiedades estructurales y ópticas. La energía de Urbach (Eu) mostró un rango que se extendía desde 0.00 eV para 100% MgO (M-1) a 0.231 eV para 75% Fe2O3 con 25% MgO(M-4). Paralelamente, la energía de banda prohibida (Eg) se desplazó desde un alto valor de 3.934 eV en M-1 a un mínimo de 1.828 eV en M-4. El análisis DRX evidenció que la mezcla M-1 es esencialmente MgO, y las muestras M-2 a M-4 exhibieron una diversidad de fases. Particularmente, M-4 resalta por su complejidad, en la que se formaron fases como Magnesioferrita, Periclasa, Kirschsteinita y Espine-las. Estos datos sugieren que la adición de Fe2O3 modifica significativamente tanto la estructura como las propiedades ópticas. Con base en estas transformaciones y propiedades, los compuestos Fe2O3-MgO emergen como candidatos prometedores para aplicaciones en fotocatálisis, abriendo nuevos horizontes de investigación y desarrollo.

Bismuth titanate (BTO) nanoparticles were obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid media (PLAL). Distilled water, ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone were used as media for laser ablation experiments, in which the colloidal solutions were obtained. Laser ablation was carried out using the second harmonic and fundamental wavelength of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (532 nm and 1064 nm, respectively) with laser fluences of 25 and 12 mJ/cm², respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized for morphological characterization. BTO nanoparticles obtained have spherical shapes with orthorhombic structure and the average size distribution depended on the liquid media nature. In alcohols, BTO NPs were spherical with a carbon layer around them. X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis absorption spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to confirm the structural, optical, and elemental properties of the ablated products. The presented results show that PLAL is a viable technique for the synthesis of high-quality BTO nanoparticles with enhanced optical properties for possible applications in photocatalysis.

This work employed a design-of-experiments (DoE) strategy, specifically a 2³ full factorial design, to assess how suspension concentration (0.001–0.002 g/mL), substrate temperature (60–80 °C), and deposition height (10–15 cm) influence tin dioxide (SnO₂) thin films produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP). The response variable was the net intensity of the principal diffraction peak, used as an operational metric for detecting the deposited phase. All patterns matched the SnO₂ phase cassiterite reference without impurity peaks. Statistical analyses (ANOVA, Pareto and half-normal plots, and response surface methodology, RSM) identified suspension concentration as the most influential factor, followed by significant two- and three-factor interactions. The model exhibited a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.9908) and low standard deviation (12.53), validating its predictive capability. The optimal deposition process was achieved at the highest suspension concentration (0.002 g/mL), lowest substrate temperature (60 °C), and shortest deposition height (10 cm). These results demonstrate the utility of full factorial DoE for quantifying and controlling deposition outcomes in USP and provide a robust statistical framework to guide the synthesis of SnO₂ thin films.