Adlay is an annual plant known for its abundant bioactive compounds and diverse pharmacological activities. Coixol, a key component found in various parts of adlay, significantly contributes to its biological activity. This study was conducted to extract adlay sprouts and seeds using different solvents (methanol and ethanol) and extraction methods (reflux and ultrasonic extraction). The extracts were then evaluated for their total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant ability (DPPH and ABTS⁺). Additionally, the coixol content of these extracts was analyzed using HPLC/DAD analysis. The results showed that the extraction methods and solvents used impacted the bioactive compounds and their activities in the samples. Adlay sprouts exhibited a higher compound content and stronger antioxidant capacity than adlay seeds. Moreover, a substantial amount of coixol was found in the sprouts, while it was not detected in the seeds. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate extraction methods to optimize the biological activities of adlay sprouts and seeds. Adlay sprouts, with their enriched phytochemical compounds and enhanced antioxidant ability, could serve as a valuable material for health product applications.

Oxidative stress plays a central role in the development of chronic degenerative diseases, prompting growing interest in natural antioxidants, particularly phenolic compounds from early developmental plant tissues. This study investigated the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of Acer tegmentosum sprouts at the cotyledon expansion stage using integrated metabolite profiling and targeted quantification approaches. A. tegmentosum sprout extracts (ASE) were characterized by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for untargeted metabolite annotation and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the targeted quantification of selected phenolic acids and coumarins using authentic standards. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. LC–MS/MS analysis identified twelve phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, scopoletin, and their derivatives. HPLC results confirmed gallic acid (5.54 mg/g extract) as the predominant phenolic constituent, and the overall composition indicated a phenolic acid-enriched profile. ASE showed notable DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, with IC₅₀ values of 376.40 and 311.00 μg/mL, respectively, although these activities were lower than those of ascorbic acid. Overall, these findings define the baseline chemical and antioxidant properties of ASE and identify analytically traceable marker compounds for standardization and functional material development. Further studies across different developmental stages and cultivation conditions are needed to verify generalizability and refine marker selection for quality control purposes.

Background/Objectives: Atopic dermatitis (AD)-related skin inflammation involves the release of cytokines and chemokines from keratinocytes; therefore, keratinocyte-based models are widely used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of botanical extracts. This study examined the relationship between phytochemical profiles and anti-inflammatory potential of baobab fruit 30% and 70% ethanol extracts (BE-30 and BE-70, respectively) in a TNF-α/IFN-γ (TI)-stimulated HaCaT keratinocyte model. Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects of both extracts were evaluated by measuring cytokine and chemokine secretion in TI-stimulated HaCaT cells. Phytochemical characterization was performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and targeted high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Both extracts were non-cytotoxic. TI-stimulation markedly increased interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 secretion, while BE-30 and BE-70 significantly reduced all three mediators in a dose-dependent manner. At comparable doses, BE-70 exhibited greater inhibition than BE-30. BE-30 showed a non-monotonic IL-8 response at low concentrations, whereas BE-70 consistently reduced IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. LC–MS/MS profiling revealed a polyphenol-rich composition, including flavonol glycosides and related phenolic compounds. HPLC confirmed the presence of four marker analytes (procyanidin B2, epicatechin, rutin and tiliroside), which were enriched in BE-70. The content of these four polyphenols was 1.94-fold higher in BE-70. Conclusions: Baobab fruit extracts exhibit anti-inflammatory activity associated with polyphenols. These findings suggest that they could be used as analytical standards and in dermatological applications.