Digital models and three-dimensional technology in orthodontics have become an integral part of everyday clinical practice. Nevertheless, there is currently no consensus regarding in which cases a digital model is really necessary. Therefore, this scoping review aims to identify and assess which orthodontic procedures require a digital model. This review’s reporting was based on PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was undertaken using five electronic databases on 17 February 2024. A total of 87 studies met the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively analyzed by three reviewers. The following aspects of orthodontic treatment were identified and discussed with regard to digital model application: diagnosis, treatment procedures, retention, and outcome evaluation in orthodontics. Based on the studies assessed, despite some limitations regarding radiation exposure justification and the accuracy of the integration methods of 3D data, there is evidence that digital models lead to more accurate orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. In cases of impacted canines, aligner treatment, mini-implants insertion (when angle definition and orientation are essential), and primary care for cleft lip and palate, a partial digital model produced by an integration of some of the 3D data (face scan, intraoral scan, CBCT) that we can acquire is beneficial. A full digital model that combines all the 3D information should be used in orthognathic surgery cases, in which prediction and accurate performance are highly advocated.

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder, characterized by reduced bone mass and abnormal bone microarchitecture, resulting in increased bone fragility and a heightened risk of low-energy fractures. Pediatric osteoporosis may be either primary, due to genetic factors, or secondary, arising from chronic diseases and/or their treatment. Oral health and proper occlusion are integral components of overall health, influencing functionality, nutrition, facial aesthetics, and psychosocial development during childhood. Severe malocclusion can adversely affect speech, mastication, appearance, psychological well-being, and social interactions. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the existing literature on orthodontic anomalies and management strategies in pediatric patients with osteoporosis while highlighting clinical challenges, treatment limitations, and areas necessitating further research. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed database, focusing on studies involving human subjects aged 3 to 18 years, published in English between 2002 and 2024. The findings indicate that children with osteoporosis present with more severe dental and occlusal complications compared to their healthy peers, often facing increased orthodontic complexity due to skeletal fragility and systemic comorbidities. These challenges necessitate careful, individualized treatment planning and close multidisciplinary collaboration. Although research in this field remains limited due to the rarity of pediatric osteoporosis, recognizing and addressing the specific needs of this population is critical to improving clinical outcomes and guiding future therapeutic approaches.